L1: PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Flashcards
love of wisdom
PHILOSOPHY
___________ is the study of the basic/ fundamental principles of life, knowledge, reality, existence, morality, and human nature through the use OF _______ AND __________
PHILOSOPHY
LOGIC AND REASON
Mother of all discipline
PHILOSOPHY
Love;
Wisom;
Philos
Sophia
3 OBJECTIVES OF PHILOSOPHY
1.IT OPENS THE MIND OF PEOPLE
2.IT DOES NOT PROVIDE ULTIMATE ANSWERS DESPITE THE ULTIMATE NATURE OF PHILOSOPHICAL IDEAS
3.ENCOURAGES INDIVIDUALS TO SEEK ANSWERS FOR THEMSELVES
when does philosophizing start?
when we WONDER
usual questions that people ask
Existential questions
3 WAYS ON HOW TO BECOME A PHILOSOPHER IN OUR OWN MANAGEABLE WAY
1.ASK QUESTIONS
2.SEARCH/SEEK FOR THE ANSWER
3.THE MOMENT YOU GET THE ANSWER, WE MUST KNOW THAT IT IS NOT YET THE ULTIMATE ANSWER
THE CENTER OF IDEAS IN PRE-SOCRATIC ERA
COSMO-CENTRIC
RELATING TO THE WORLD
COSMO
CENTRIC
CENTER
EARTH FLOWS ON WATER
THALES
______________- _________: BOUNDLESS SOMETHING AS THE ORIGINATING CAUSE OF THE WORLD
ANAXIMANDER
APEIRON
WHO POSTULATED ETERNAL MOTION
ANAXIMANDER
AIR IS THE SOURCE OF ALL THINGS
ANAXIMENES
EVERYTHING IS COMPOSED OF ATOMS WHICH ARE PHYSICALLY BUT GEOMETRICALLY INDIVISIBLE THAT BETWEEN ATOM LIES AN EMPTY SPACE THAT ATOMS ARE INDESTRUCTIBLE
DEMOCRITUS
- EVERYTHING IS FIRE
-EVERYTHING IS IN CONSTANT CHANGE OR PROGRESSION MORE SO THAN CHAOS
HERACLITUS
MIND OR THE SUPREME PRINCIPLE IS INFINITE
ANAXAGORAS
NUMBERS
PYTHAGORAS
IRST PHILOSOPHER WHO EVER ENGAGED IN A SYSTEMATIC QUESTIONING OF THE SELF
SOCRATES
DUALISTIC REALITY: __________ AND __________-
BODY AND SOUL
“KNOW THYSELF”
“AN UNEXAMINED LIFE IS NOT WORTH LIVING”
SOCRATES
IMPERFECT AND IMPERMANENT
BODY
PERFECT AND PERMANENT
SOUL
STUDENT OF SOCRATES AND SUPPORTS THE DUALISTIC REALITY
PLATO
“ THERE IS A DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP WITH EACH OTHER IN AGREEMENT OR IN CONFLICT. BUT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE REASON IS TO STORE HARMONY AMONG THE THREE.
PLATO
3 PARTS OF SOUL/SELF (PSYCHE)
- REASON ( EGO)
- PHYSICAL APPETITE (ID)
- SPIRIT OR PASSION (SUPEREGO)
THE DIVINE THAT LET US THINK DEEPLY
REASON
BIOLOGICAL NEEDS
PHYSICAL APPETITE
BASIC EMOTIONS
SPIRIT/PASSION
___________ THE SELF STRIVES TO ACHIEVE UNION WITH GOD THROUGH __________ AND _________
ST AUGUSTINE
FAITH AND REASON
-BODY IS BOUND TO EARTH AND SOUL ANTICIPATE
ST AUGUSTINE
OPINIONS AND ACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND REASON RARTHER THAN ON RELIGIOUS BELIEFS OR EMOTIONAL RESPONSE
A RATIONALIST
A RATIONALIST PHILOSOPHER
RENE DESCARTES
“COGITO ERGO SUM”
I THINK, THEREFORE, I AM
SELF: THINKING THING - CAN EXIST INDEPENDENTLY OF THE BODY BUT DOESN’T DENY ASSOCIATION OF THE BODY TO THE SELF
RENE DESCARTES
DUALISM: ________ AND ___________
BY: ___________
THINKING (SPIRITUAL SELF) VS PHYSICAL BODY
RENE DESCARTES
GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF REASONS AND GOD’S WILL
SPIRITUAL SELF
GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF NATURE
PHYSICAL BODY
-AN EMPIRICIST: KNOWLEDGE IS DERIVED FROM EXPERIENCE DERIVED FROM SENSE
JOHN LOCKE
JOHN LOCKE THE MIND SELF US LIKE A _______________ - A BLANK SLATE
TABULARASA
KNOWLEDGE ORIGINATES FROM OUR DIRECT SENSE EXPERIENCE
JOHN LOCKE
REASON PLAYS A SUBSEQUENT ROLE IN FIGURING OUT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF OUR SENSE EXPERIENCE AND IN REACHING INTELLIGENT CONCLUSIONS.
JOHN LOCKE
AN EMPIRICIST, SKEPTIC, NIHILIST
-“THERE IS NO SELF” BUT A BUNDLE OF EXPRESSIONS
DAVID HUME
BASIC SENSATIONS OF EXPRESSIONS
IMPRESSIONS
COPIES OF IMPRESSIONS
IDEAS
CONTESTS HUME’S IDEA
-WE CONSTRUCT THE SELF
IMMANUEL KANT
THE SELF ACTIVELY ORGANIZES ALL THE SENSATIONS AND THOUGHTS INTO A PICTURE THAT MAKES SENSE TO EACH OF US. THUS, WE CONSTRUCT THE SELF.
IMMANUEL KANT
ACCORDING TO _________: SELF- IS A SUBJECT ORGANIZING PRINCIPLE THAT MAKES UNIFIED AND INTELLIGIBLE EXPERIENCE POSSIBLE.
IMMANUEL KANT
SELF IS MULTI-LAYERED
SIGMUND FREUD
3 LAYERS BY SIGMUND FREUD
- CONSCIOUS
- PRE-CONSCIOUS
- UNCONSCIOUS
THOUGHTS, MEMORIES, FEELINGS, AND WISHES WE ARE AWARE AT A GIVEN TIME
CONSCIOUS
CONSIST OF ANYTHING THAT CAN POTENTIALLY BE BROUGHT INTO A CONSCIOUS MIND
PRE-CONSCIOUS
RESERVOIR OF OUR THOUGHTS, URGES, MEMORIES
-MOSTLY UNACCEPTABLE OF PLEASANT
UNCONSCIOUS
3 REGIONS OF THE MIND
- ID
- EGO
- SUPEREGO
PLEASURE SEEKING PRINCIPLE
ID
REALITY PRINCIPLE
EGO
MORALISTIC PRINCIPLE
SUPEREGO
-THE MIND/SELF IS THE BRAIN
PAUL CHURCHLAND
-THE MIND AND BODY ARE INTERTWINED THAT THEY CANNOT BE SEPARATED FROM ONE ANOTHER
-FOR HI, THE LIVING BODY, THE THOUGHTS, EMOTIONS, AND EXPERIENCES ARE ONE.
MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY