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NCEA level 1 Science > L1 Mechanics - physics > Flashcards

L1 Mechanics - physics Flashcards

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1
Q

First Law of conservation

A

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only converted from one form to another

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2
Q

Newton’s first law of motion

A

Unless a force is applied, an object will stay at rest or stay at a constant velocity

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3
Q

Newton’s second law of motion

A

A force applied on an object causes an acceleration in the same direction as the force and this acceleration is equivalent to the amount of force over the mass of the object

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4
Q

Acceleration

A

The rate of change in velocity, the change in velocity over the change in time.
a= v/t

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5
Q

What is the unit for acceleration?

A

ms-2

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6
Q

Deceleration

A

Can be described as negative acceleration, decrease in velocity over time.

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7
Q

What is the unit for deceleration?

A

Meter per second square

m/s2

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8
Q

Energy

A

The ability to do work

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9
Q

Unit of energy

A

Joules

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10
Q

Force

A

The interaction that changes the motion of an object. The push or pull on an object.
Fnet = ma

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11
Q

What is the unit for force?

A

Newtons (N)

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12
Q

Power

A

The rate of doing work

P= W/t (don’t get this confused with pressure)

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13
Q

What is the unit for power?

A

Watts (W)

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14
Q

Pressure

A

The physical force exerted on an object OR force applied over an area

P= F/A (don’t get this confused with power)

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15
Q

What is the unit for pressure?

A

Pascals (Pa)

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16
Q

Velocity

A

The rate of change in distance, speed in a given direction

v = d/t

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17
Q

What is the unit for velocity?

A

m/s

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18
Q

Speed

A

Speed is the time rate at which an object is moving along a path

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19
Q

What is the unit of speed?

A

ms-1

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20
Q

Difference between speed and velocity

A

Velocity is the rate at which an object changes its position

Speed is simply how fast an object is moving
Joules (J)

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21
Q

What is the unit for work?

A

Seconds (s)

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22
Q

What is the unit for time?

A

Seconds (s)

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23
Q

What is the unit for distance?

A

Metres (m)

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24
Q

What is the unit for area?

A

Meters squared (m2)

25
Q

What is the unit for height?

A

Meters (m)

26
Q

Weight

A

The force acting on the object

F=mg

27
Q

What is the unit of weight?

A

Newtons (N)

28
Q

Mass

A

Amount of matter in an object

29
Q

Whats is the unit for mass?

A

Kilograms (Kg)

30
Q

Difference between mass and weight

A

Mass is a measure of how much matter there is in an object whereas, weight is the measure of the pull of gravity on the object

31
Q

Friction

A

The force that acts in the opposite direction of the object in motion.

32
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

The energy of an object due to its motion

e.g moving car

33
Q

Gravitational Potential Energy

A

Energy stored in an object due to its height

e.g car that is parked on top of a hill

34
Q

Chemical Potential Energy

A

The energy that is stored in the bonds between atoms.

e.g batteries

35
Q

Light Energy

A

The energy of electromagnetic waves

e.g flashlight

36
Q

Heat Energy

A

Transfer of energy from one thing to another by kinetic energy, usually causing a higher temperature
e.g stove

37
Q

Electrical Energy

A

The movement of electrically charged particles

38
Q

Elastic Potential energy

A

Energy stored in stretched or squashed objects

39
Q

Magnetic energy

A

The energy created by the strength of a magnetic field

e.g refrigerator

40
Q

Distance-time graph

A

Use gradient for calculating speed

41
Q

Distance-time graph

A

Used to show how the distance and speed of an object changed with time

42
Q

What does a horizontal (flat) line in a distance-time graph indicate?

A

Stationary/stopped

- Object has no acceleration and therefore no net force

43
Q

What does a straight line heading upwards on a distance-time graph indicate?

A

Constant speed

- Object has no acceleration and therefore no net force

44
Q

What does a curved line on a distance-time graph indicate?

A

Accelerating

- Object is changing speed which means it is acceleration/decelerating therefore resulting in a net force

45
Q

Speed-time graph

A

Used to describe the movement of an object

46
Q

What does the area under a speed-time graph show?

A

Distance traveled

47
Q

How do you use gradient in a speed-time graph?

A

Use gradient for calculating speed/acceleration

48
Q

What does a horizontal (flat) line in a speed-time graph indicate?

A

Constant speed

- Object has no acceleration and therefore no net force

49
Q

What does a straight line going down in a speed-time graph indicate?

A

Constant deceleration

- Non-constant speed, the object is changing speed so it is accelerating/decelerating therefore resulting in a net force

50
Q

Area

A

The area under the graph shows distance traveled

51
Q

Balanced forces

A

The forces acting on an object are the same size

52
Q

Unbalanced forces

A

The forces acting on an object are not the same size

53
Q

What is work done equal to?

A

Energy transferred

54
Q

What are the four forces acting on an object?

A

Friction/air resistance
Weight/gravity
Thrust
Support force

55
Q

What is the force that pulls an object down?

A

Weight/gravity

56
Q

What is the force that pulls an object up?

A

Support force

57
Q

What is the force that pulls an object forward?

A

Thrust

58
Q

What is the force that pulls an object backward?

A

Friction/air resistance

NCEA level 1 Science (3 decks)

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