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Green planet > L1 Introduction > Flashcards

L1 Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two groups in the plant kingdom and whats the latin name for this kingdom?

A

Viridiplantae

Green algae and Embryophytes.

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2
Q

What groups are in Embryophytes?

A
  1. bryophytes - no lignin, liverworts, hornworts and mosses.
  2. Lycyphytes - have spores and microphyls
  3. Pterophytes - ferns
  4. Gymnosperms
  5. Angiosperms
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3
Q

What are 6 innovations of land plants?

A
  1. Archegonia - lost in angiosperms
  2. Cuticle
  3. Stomata
  4. Thick waled spores
  5. Vascular tisue
  6. Seeds
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4
Q

What adaptations alowed trees to form?

A

Transpiration pull - relies on capillary action an cohesion of water
Strong xylem vessels - lignified
Root network - promotes water uptake and stability

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5
Q

What is the largest tree on earth?

A

General Sherman in California

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6
Q

What are the 2 largest sources of anthropogenic CO2 emission?

A

1 - FF combustion

2- Deforestation

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7
Q

How does the Amazon contribute to global water storage?

A

Cools the air above it

stores 1/2 the Earths rainwater

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8
Q

How does the Amazon contribute to global biodiversity?

A

Houses at least 10% of worlds biodiversity

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9
Q

diversity of angiosperms

A

95% of all land plant species
350,000 species
Orchids have over 25000 species.

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10
Q

What are adaptations to heat/drought?

A
  1. succulence
  2. spines - reduce transpiration
  3. shallow root systems
  4. CAM photosynthesis
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11
Q

What is CAM photosynthesis?

A

Crassulacean acid metaboism
Stomata open at night to conserve water
CO2 stored as a 4C acid malate in vacuoles, transported back to chloroplasts and converted to CO2 for photosynthesis.

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12
Q

What are adaptations to Cold?

A
  1. Compact architecture - grow close to the ground to protect from wind damage, can grow under snow blanket
  2. Shallow root system - to enable growth on a thin layer of permafrost
  3. Small leaves retain moisture
  4. ph occurs at low temperatures
  5. Photoperiodic regulation of flowering ensures reproduction in summer months
  6. Metabolic adaptations to prevent freezing
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13
Q

What are adaptations to Salinity?

A

Excretives have glandular cells which excrete excess salts from organs
Succulents increase water content within large vacuoles to minimise salt toxicity

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14
Q

What are adaptations to shade

A
  1. molecular mechanisms to escape shade - shade avoidance

2. adapt to shade

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15
Q

What are the 10 key food crops?

A
  1. Maize
  2. Wheat
  3. Rice
  4. potato
  5. Cassava
  6. Soy
  7. Sweet potato
  9. Yam
  10. Plantain
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16
Q

in the UK what is the main crop for human and livestock food?`

A

Wheat

17
Q

What are 4 problems to plant development and survival brought on by climate change?

A
  1. Cold snaps
  2. Reduced pollination - lifecycles of pollinators and plants do not coincide timings anymore
  3. Pests and disease
  4. Loss of biodiversity
18
Q

How can plants be protected from coldsnaps?

A

prolonged periods of cooling prior to winter as plants produce antifreeze compounds

19
Q

how does climate change promote crop loss by pests?

A

Promotes spread of pathogens
eg Fusarium blight enhanced by warm wet weather. warming increases insect eg mountain pine beetle, herbivory at higher latitudes through increased winter survival.

20
Q

How do we plan to meet the aims of maintaining food security?

A
  1. produce more resilient and efficient crops through GM and using wild relatives in breeding programs
  2. Reduce post harvest losses, through crop modification and better storage and transport.
21
Q

How is Bt maize resistant to pests?

A

Transgenic, expresses toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis which are harmful to pests. In US started growing it in 1996

22
Q

What is Beneforte super broccoli?

A

high levels of glucoraphanin

Promotes cardiovascular health, cell regeneration and antioxidant activity.

Green planet (8 decks)

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