L1 - Intro to Neuroscience Flashcards
Who is Dr Laura Corns?
University Teacher
Module co-ordinator for level 1 physiology and neuroscience modules, head of skills…plus various other modules/roles across the school.
What is Neuroscience?
Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system
Neuroscience can be studied in various ways. What are these ways? (7)
Through:
Molecular
Systems
Cognitive
Cellular
behavioural
Genetics
Neuroanatomy.
What are the 2 main divisions of the nervous system ?
- Central nervous system (CNS)
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
What are the sub divisions in the Peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
- Somatic nervous system
- Autonomic nervous system
What organs do the Central nervous system relate to?
Brain and spinal cord
What organs and vessels relate to the Somatic nervous system ?
Skin, joints, muscles
What organs and vessels relate to autonomic nervous system?
Internal organs, blood vessels, glands
What are the neuroanatomical terms for a four legged animal? (6)
🔼 Dorsal
⬇️ Ventral
◀️ Anterior/rostral
➡️ Posterior/ caudal
- Medial - midline down the centre of body (spine)
- Lateral - means away from the midline of the body
What are the key areas of the brain?
- Forebrain
- Midbrain
- Hindbrain
What are the main areas of the forebrain ?
Cerebral hemisphere
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
What are the main areas of the hindbrain?
Pons
Cerebellum
Medulla
What is the ventricular system?
Ventricular system is a network of cavities within the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What is the main aim of the ventricular system?
Provides physical protection
Maintains appropriate levels of ions
Removed waste products
What are the subdivisions of the spinal cord?
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacral
What is the cervical enlargement?
Located in the neck region (C4-T1) it corresponds to the nerves that control the upper limbs (arms and hands)
Bigger because controls arms hence the are of the enlargement
What is the Lumbosacral enlargement?
Located in the lower back (L2-S3), it corresponds to the nerves that control the lower limbs (legs and feet)
Enlargement due to control of legs and feet
Which nervous system is involuntary (no control over)? (Check)
Autonomic nervous system
What are the neuroanatomical terms for humans in general?
🔼 Superior
◀️ Angerior (front of)
➡️ Posterior ( behind )
⬇️ Inferior (below)
Caudal - longitudinal axis of the brain stem and spinal cord
What are the neuroanatomical terms for the human brain?
🔼- Dorsal: Towards the top of the brain
◀️ - Rostral: Towards the front of the brain
➡️ - Caudal: Towards back of the brain
⬇️- Ventral: Towards the bottom of the brain
Brain is slightly elevated when head is facing fowards
What are the neuroanatomical terms to describe how the body is divided?
- Coronal (frontal) plane: Divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections. Imagine a vertical sheet passing through your body from side to side
- Sagittal (longitudinal) plane: Divides the body into left and right halves. Imagine a vertical sheet passing through your body from front to back
- Horizontal (axial) plane: Divides the body into upper (superior) and lower inferior) sections. Imagine a horizontal sheet passing through your body
What does the grey matter consist of?
Mainly neuronal cell bodies and glia
What is white matter?
The vast majority of where the myelinated axons are
What types of veins do dorsal and ventral uses? (Not sure if question is right)
Dorsal
Afferent
Ventral
Efferent
What is the difference between the grey and white matter?
- Grey matter - Contains mostly neuron cell bodies
- White matter- Contains mostly myelinated axons
What is somatic nervous system (SNS)?
