Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical neuroscience > L1 - intro > Flashcards

L1 - intro Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the CNS

A
  • spinal cord
  • brainstem
  • cerebellum
  • cerebral hemisphere
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

PNS

A
  • spinal nerves
  • cranial nerves
  • ANS
  • peripheral nerves
  • dorsal and ventral roots
  • cauda equina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Difference between the CNS and PNS

A

CNS:

  • can’t regenerate
  • myelinated by oligodendrocytes
  • grey matter
  • white matter

PNS:

  • regenerates well
  • myelinated by Schwann cells
  • ganglion
  • peripheral nerves = white matter equivalent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Grey matter

A
  • Collection of cell bodies with dendrites in the CNS
  • Also contains axons but less than the white matter
  • highly vascular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

White matter

A
  • mainly axons in the CNS

- contains myelin which makes it white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Difference between the brain and spinal cord

A

The brain has an extra layer of grey matter surrounding the white matter caller the cerebral cortex

The spine has central grey matter and outer white matter. Spinal nerves are connected to a segment of the spinal cord by ventral and dorsal roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does the spinal cord terminate

A

L2

Continues as the cauda equina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Parts of white matter

A
  • funiculus
  • tracts
  • fasciculus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Funiculus

A

A segment of white matter containing multiple distinct tracts travelling in different directions

  • dorsal, lateral and ventral funiculi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tracts

A

Anatomically and functionally distinct pathways of white matter connecting two regions of grey matter travelling in one direction only.

Therefore either motor or sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fasciculus

A

An aspect of a tract supplying a distinct region of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Organisation of grey matter

A

Organised in cell columns - rexed laminae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nucleus

A

A collection of cell bodies that are functionally related
Surrounded by white matter

Tracts connect nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cortex

A

Folded sheet of cell bodies found on the surface of the brain
(1 - 5 mm thick)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fibre

A

Axon with its supporting cells e.g. oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Types of fibre

A

Association
Projection
Commissural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Association fibres

A

Connect adjacent gyri in the same hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Projection fibres

A

Connects the cerebral hemisphere in the brain with the spinal cord or brainstem and vice versa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Commissural fibres

A

Connect the left and right hemispheres

20
Q

Purpose of the midbrain

A

Eye movements

Reflex responses to sound and vision

21
Q

Role of pons

A

Feeding

Sleeping

22
Q

Role of the medulla

A

Cardiovascular and respiratory centres

Contain major motor pathways in the medullary pyramids

23
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

Contains the primary motor cortex

24
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

Contains the primary sensory cortex

25
Q

Lateral (Sylvian) fissure

A

Separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobe

26
Q

Parieto- occipital sulcus

A

Separates the occipital lobe and parietal lobe

27
Q

Calcarine sulcus

A

The primary visual cortex surrounds this

28
Q

Optic chiasm

A

Site where the optic fibres cross over

29
Q

Uncus

A
  • Part of the temporal lobe that can herniate, compressing the midbrain and occulomotor nerve
  • olfactory role
30
Q

Medullary pyramids

A

Location of descending motor fibres (corticospinal tracts)

31
Q

Parahippocampal gyrus

A

Memory encoding

32
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Fibres connecting the 2 cerebral hemispheres

33
Q

Thalamus

A

Sensory relay station projecting to the sensory cortex
Conscious awareness

Inferior to fornix

34
Q

Cingulate gyrus

A

Surround the corpus callosum

Emotion and memory

35
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Inferior to the thalamus

Homeostasis

36
Q

Fornix

A

Inferior to the corpus callosum

Output pathway of the hippocampus

37
Q

Tectum

A

Dorsal part of the midbrain
Responsible for involuntary responses to auditory and visual stimuli

Superior colliculus - visual
Inferior colliculus - auditory

38
Q

Cerebellar tonsil

A

Part of the cerebellum that can herniate and compress the medulla if intracranial pressure is raised - coning

39
Q

Ventricles

A

Cavities in the brain filled with CSF

Contain choroid plexus which produce CSF

40
Q

How much CSF is produced per day

A

600-700ml

41
Q

Ventricular system

A
  1. 1st and 2nd ventricle - lateral ventricles
  2. Connected by the intervertebral foramen
  3. 3rd ventricle compressed by the thalamus either side
  4. Cerebral aqueduct
  5. 4th ventricle which is diamond shaped
42
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

A

Connects the third and fourth ventricle

Very narrow therefore most susceptible to occlusion

43
Q

CSF leaving the ventricular system

A

Leaves the 4th ventricle via

  • central canal (minimal)
  • foramen of Luschka laterally
  • foramen of magendie medially

Drains into the subarachnoid space where it is reabsorbed by arachnoid granulations

44
Q

CSF

A

Metabolic function
Contains immune cells
Acts as buoyancy mechanism for brain

45
Q

Lateral ventricles

A

Where most CSF made

Biggest ventricles

Clinical neuroscience (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions