L1. Intro Flashcards
What is the basic difference b/t pharmacokinetics & pharmacodynamics?
Pharmacokinetics is concerned with what the body does to the drug while pharmacodynamics is concerned with what the drug does to the body
What is the major toxic side affect of Warfarin (Coumadin)? What is the mechanism?
Warfarin (coumadin) is a blood thinner taken by many people with atrial fibrillation. Warfarin works by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors. Thus, upon overdose, warfarin may cause excessive bleeding.
What is Diazepam (Valium) used for? Mechanism? Major toxicity?
Diazepam (valium) is taken for anxiety. Diazepam enhances chloride influx into nerve cells, resulting in hyperpolarization and nervous system depression. The major toxicity of diazepam is Drowsiness and lack of concentration
Priapism is a side affect of what drug?
Sildenafil (viagra). Priapism is an erection lasting longer than 4 hours, which may lead to permanent nerve damage
What is Propanolol (Inderal) used for? Mechanism? What are the two main toxic effects of propanolol?
Propanolol (Inderal) is used for the treatment of hypertension, angina & arrhythmias. Propanolol works by blocking Beta 1 and Beta 2 cholinergic receptors. Bc beta 1 receptors excite the heart, if they are blocked they cause Bradycardia. While Beta 2 receptors located in the bronchi cause bronchodilation, if they are blocked, Bronchoconstriction results.
What new disease state(s) may be caused by the use of Analgesics containing opioids such as codeine, hydrocodone, or oxycodone?
Drowsiness, nausea, vomiting and constipation
What new disease state(s) may be caused by the use of Prazosin (minipres), an alpha-1 adrenergic blocking agent used in hypertension?
Postural hypotension => passing out when standing
What new disease state(s) may be caused by the use of Calcium channel blockers such as Nifedipine (procardia), Verapimil (Calan), and Diltiazem (Cardizem), which are used for hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias.
Gingival Hyperplasia = Gum overgrowth
What new disease state(s) may be caused by the use of Amitriptyline (Elavil), a tricyclic antidepressant?
Amitriptyline has potent antimuscarinic activity which may cause Xerostomia.
What new disease state(s) may be caused by the long term use of NSAIDS, such as ibuprofen and naproxen?
GI ulcers
What new disease state(s) may be caused by the use of Zolendronic acid (Zometa)? An intravenous bisphosphonate used in certain cancers (breast) to prevent calcium resorption from bones.
May cause Osteonecrosis of the jaw after dental extractions.
What is a possible side affect when Atropine is given to dry someone’s mouth?
When atropine blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors it raises intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma, which can cause pain and even blindness.
Why is it a problem if Percodan is prescribed to someone with and aspirin allergy?
Bc Percodan consists of 5 mg oxycodone and 325 mg aspirin
Why should you not prescribe Metronidazole to a patient that can’t stop drinking alcohol?
Bc metronidazole blocks the metabolism of alcohol, resulting in a build up of acetaldehyde in the body causing headache, flushing, nausea, vomiting, palpitations
In addition to alcohol, metronidazole also may react negatively with warfarin (Coumadin), why? What is the adverse effect?
Warfarin, a blood thinner, is metabolized by cytochrome P450 2C9 in the body, however, Metronidazol (flagyl) inhibits the action of 2C9, causing warfarin to build up in the body, which can result in massive bleeding, especially into the brain.
