L.1 Growth & Development Flashcards
At birth the head is what percent of the overall body?
25%!!
TERM: the progressive development from an early stage to maturity, including the attendant increase in size.
Growth
TERM: the series of changes through which the individual becomes a mature organism. This refers to increase in skill and complexity of function.
Development
______ is primarily anatomic, whereas _________ is physiologic and behavioral
Growth…. Development
TERM: refers to change in the level of organization and qualitative content in a developing system.
Maturity
What is the preferred method for assessing skeletal age? Which direction do you look in this method?
hand-wrist film…from the proximal wrist to the distal fingers
What are the three methods of determining DENTAL AGE?
- Teeth erupted 2.Primary Root Resorption 3.Permanent Root Development
When observing common height growth patterns, when do the extremities catch up with head size? When do they equal out in growth rate?
at 6 months extremities start growing faster, they even out at pooberty
When is the most head circumference increase?
in the first year (4” of growth)
At about what age does NEURAL growth plateau?
at about 8 years old
When is the height of LYMPHOID tissue development? What implications might this have for a patient in your chair?
10 years…a 10 year old patient might have really big tonsils and that’s NORMAL (200% of adult size)
When does the bulk of genital growth occur?
pooberty….ages 12+
Which develops to full size faster: the mandible or the maxilla?
the maxilla-its associated with the cranial complex (which develops first!)
When does the general closure of fontanelles occur?
2 years old
What type of growth occurs across the fontanelles to make sure they close?
Appositional growth
What is the term for premature fusion of the fontanelles? What can this lead to?
Cranial Synostosis..leads to asymmetrical head shape
What is the term for cartilage being replaced by bone? WHAT IS THE ONLY AREA TO REMAIN ACITVE IN CHILDHOOD?
EndoCHONDRAL Ossification (self explanatory, right?!)…Spheno-Occipital growth base
What is the method of bone development of the maxilla?
INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICIATION
Where is the growth occurring during the development of the maxilla? Which direction does this cause it to move?
Growing a the cranial base by apposition and remodeling…forced out downward and forward
What are the two methods of growth for the mandible?
EndoCHONDRIAL Ossification AND Intramembraneous Ossification
What directions do the CHIN grow?
Downward and Forward
What directions do the condyles grow?
Upward and backward
Which direction does the RAMUS grow?
Away from the chin
If you put a dot on the condyle of an undeveloped mandible, where will it end up on a fully developed mandible?
it will end op on the coronoid notch (just meant to show how the mandible grows)
What are the three sites of growth in the mandible?
- Post surface of the ramus 2.condylar process 3. coronoid process
The maxilla tends to grow on the ______ curve (grows earlier), whereas the mandible follows the _______ curve (catches up)
neural curve….general curve
Pre-Natal Developmental Milestones: 3rd - 6th week: major development of ______
FACE
Pre-Natal Developmental Milestones: When do deciduous buds appear?
6th week
Pre-Natal Developmental Milestones: When do the palatal shelves fuse?
7th and 8th week
Pre-Natal Developmental Milestones: When do deciduous teeth begin to CALCIFY?
14th week
Pre-Natal Developmental Milestones: When do reflexes develop?
14th-32nd week
Pre-Natal Developmental Milestones: when do PERMANENT teeth begin to calcify?
at birth
What is considered a class I cleft palate?
just the soft palate involved
What is considered a class II cleft palate?
the soft and hard palates are involved
What is considered a class III cleft palate?
the alveolus, unilaterally involved
What is considered a class IV cleft palate?
bilateral clefting
What is considered a class I cleft lip?
unilateral notch of the vermillion
What is considered a class II cleft lip?
unilateral extension into the lip
What is considered a class III cleft lip?
extending to the floor of the nose
What is considered a class IV cleft lip?
any Bilateral cleft of lip-can be minor notching too
In operant conditioning when a pleasant stimulus is presented…the child will receive _________
positive reinforcement
In operant conditioning when a pleasant stimulus is withdrawn…the child will receive _________
OMISSION (time out)
In operant conditioning when an unpleasant stimulus is withdrawn…the child will receive _________
negative reinforcement (give the kid what he wants to shut him up)
In operant conditioning when an unpleasant stimulus is presented…the child will receive _________
punishment
What are the four stages of cognitive development? (in order from birth to adolescence)
1.Sensorimotor 2.Preoperational 3.Concrete operations 4. Formal operations
In which stage of cognitive development does a child develop the ability to think logically about objects and events?
Concrete operations
Dental application of behavior: what is a common fear for a young child?
separation from parent
