L1 Classification of SZ Flashcards
What is Schizophrenia?
- A serious mental psychotic disorder characterised by a profound disruption of cognition and emotion
- Affect a persons language, thought and perceptions, emotions and even their sense of self
- A psychotic rather than neurotic disorder
What is the ICD?
- International Classification of Diseases by World Health Organisations (WHO) in its 11th Edition
- Used in Europe and other parts of the world
- States you need to show one positive and one negative symptom (or two negative) for at least one month
What is the DSM?
- Diagnostic Statistical Manual by the American Psychological Association in its 5th Edition
- Used in America
- States you need to show at least two or more positive symptoms (or one pos and one neg) for a period of one month accompanied by extreme social withdrawal for at least six months
What did both the manuals have but delete?
They both recognised subtypes of Schizophrenia but deleted these as they made diagnosis more complex
What are the 2 types of Schizophrenia?
- Type 1
Characterised more by positive symptoms, e.g visual or auditory hallucinations, delusions and there is more chance of recovery - Type 2
Characterised more by negative symptoms, e.g loss of appropriate emotion, speech poverty and there is less chance of recovery
What are Positive Symptoms?
Symptoms that appear to reflect an excess or distortion of normal functions
What are Negative Symptoms?
Symptoms of SZ that appear to reflect a reduction or loss of normal functions
What are 2 Positive Symptoms?
Hallucinations and Delusions
What are Hallucinations?
Sensory experiences of stimuli that have either no basis in reality or are distorted perception of things that are
- Auditory, hearing voices that criticise them
- Visual, seeing things which are not real, e.g distorted facial expressions
- Olfactory, smelling things which are not real
- Tactile, feeling things which are not there, e.g bugs crawling on you
What are Delusions?
- AKA paranoia, irrational, bizzare beliefs that seem real to the person with SZ
- E.g some people believe they are important historical / religious figures, e.g Jesus or Napoleon
What are 2 Negative Symptoms?
Speech poverty and avolition
What is Speech Poverty (Alogia)?
- Characterised by changes in patterns of speech, the emphasis is on the reduction in amount and quality of speech
- A delay in response time, less complex syntax, fewer clauses and shorter utterances
What is avolition?
- finding it difficult to begin or keep up with goal-directed activity
- Sufferers will have reduced motivation to carry out a range of activities
- This can include poor hygiene, grooming, lack of persistence with work and a lack of energy