L1 - Cell Compartments Flashcards
1
Q
Eukaryotic Cell FEATURES
A
complex
has a NUCLEUS
e.g human cells
contain organelles
2
Q
prokaryotic cells features
A
- aka; bacteria
- single celled organisms
- no nucleus
- contain organelles
- DNA floats in cytoplasm
- plasmids - small loops of DNA
- Pili - short hair line structures -help prokaryotic cells stick together and helps pass genetic material
- flagellum - long hair line structures - helps cells to move
- mesosomes - inward folds in the plasma membrane
- ribosomes - smaller here
3
Q
Eukaryotic Cells - diagram - structure
A
Cell membrane Nucleus; Mitochondra; ribosomes; lyosomes; Golgi Apparatus vesicles RER - Rough Endoplasmic Retinaculum SER - Smooth Endoplasmic Retinaculum Centriole
4
Q
ECS -Eukaryotic Cell Structure - NUCLEUS
A
- large organelle with double membrane (nuclear envelope)
- controls cell function EG;
- transcription of DNA (making DNA from mRNA)
- DNA contains instructions on how to make proteins
- contains Nucleolus - where ribosomes are made
- contains pores to allow proteins like RNA to move out easily
5
Q
RIBOSOME
A
- where PROTEINS are made
- sometimes surrounds RER
- Not membrane bound
6
Q
RER
A
- surrounded by ribosomes
- synthesis of proteins destined for secretion or membrane proteins (proteins in, or part of the membrane)
7
Q
SER
A
- synthesis of lipids
- not surrounded by ribosomes
8
Q
Nucleolus
A
makes ribosomes
9
Q
Golgi Apparatus & Vesicles
A
vesicles nearby
- functions; MODIFICATION of lipid & proteins
- makes lyosomes
- packages and sorts proteins
vesicular transport; bud off & fuse to allow transport of material between golgi, ER & other organelles like plasma membrane
10
Q
lyosomes
A
- damaged/unwanted proteins are degraded here
- low pH suited to hydrolase enzymes
- receives waste vesicles from Golgi
11
Q
Mitochondria structure and function
A
- Inner membrane forms FOLDS in membrane called CRISTAE - increases Surface area.
- where ATP is produced
- Outer membrane; highly permeable due to porins (pores)
- Matrix - site of crebs cycle and fatty acid oxidation
12
Q
Centriole
A
small hollow cyclinders made of MICROTUBULES
FUNCTION; aids in separation of chromosones during cell division (mitosis)
13
Q
peroxisomes
A
- contain enzymes to carry out their functions
- contain OXIDASE enzymes to produce H202;
- kills bacteria
- detoxifies molecules
14
Q
Proteasomes
A
- protein complexes that break down proteins marked for disposal by ubiquitin molecules
- recycle damaged proteins (to lyosomes)
- not membrane bound
15
Q
Microtubules
A
- protein hollow cylinders that extend from centromere (middle of chromosone) to pull apart chromosones during mitosis
- forms cilia & flagella - SPERM tails
- provides TRACKS for transporting molecules or organelles using motor proteins
- KINESINS- OUTWATD TRANSPORT
- DYNEINS- INWARD TRANSPORT
