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Small Animal Medicine: Exam 1 (Spring 2016) > L1: Blood And Blood Products (Cooke) > Flashcards

L1: Blood And Blood Products (Cooke) Flashcards

1
Q

Most common dog blood type

A

DEA 1.1 positive

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2
Q

Cat blood types

A

A, B, AB

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3
Q

DEA =

A

Dog erythrocyte antigen

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4
Q

Most common cat blood type

A

A

-have Ab to type B RBC (usually weak IgG response –> early RBC destruction)

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5
Q

Type B cats have Ab to what RBC?

A

Type A

-strong IgM Ab response –> severe rxn within minutes

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6
Q

Type B most common in what breeds

A
  • British shorthair
  • Devon rex
  • Persian
  • Abyssinian
  • Himalayan
  • Birman
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7
Q

Lifespan of properly matched RBCs in a cat?

A

30 days

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8
Q

Lifespan of type B RBCs given to type A cat?

A

2 days

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9
Q

Dal antigen

A
  • missing in some Dalmatians

- must acquire Ab to it, so usually won’t have rxn to it on first transfusion

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10
Q

Mik antigen

A
  • uncommon in cats
  • type but not cross-match compatible (should cross-match for it)
  • cats have PRE-FORMED antibodies to it
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11
Q

What is the minimum time required to create Ab to a transfusion?

A

4 days

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12
Q

Indications for cross matching

A
  • dog with previous transfusion (+/- pregnancy)

- cats

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13
Q

Major cross match

A

Recipient plasma with donor RBCs

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14
Q

Minor cross match

A

Donor plasma with recipient cells

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15
Q

How long can blood be stored?

A

about 3 weeks

-adsol increases the lifespan

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16
Q

Packed red cells are ___x as concentrated as whole blood

A

2x

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17
Q

How much whole blood given to increase PCV by 1%?

A

1 ml/lb

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18
Q

How much PRBCs given to increase PCV by 1%?

A

1 ml/kg (or 1 ml/lb to increase PCV 2%)

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19
Q

SIRS =

A

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

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20
Q

Types of transfusion reactions

A

1) immune-mediated hemolysis
2) allergic reactions
3) febrile, non-hemolytic reaction
4) Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI)
5) Sepsis
6) non-immune mediated hemolysis

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21
Q

Immune-mediated hemolysis

A
  • due to pre-formed Ab (IgG, IgM)
  • complement, cytokines –> SIRS
  • fever, vomiting, shock
  • hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria
  • tx = stop the transfusion!
  • IV hemolysis
  • ie. Giving type A blood to type B cat
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22
Q

Transfusion reactions

A
  • IgE mediated –> mast cell degranulation
  • mild pruritus to systemic anaphylaxis
  • tx: stop transfusion, give benadryl, +/- glucocorticoids and epi
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23
Q

Cause and tx of febrile, non-hemolytic transfusion rxn

A
  • cause: WBC-produced cytokines due to storage, leukoreduction filters
  • CS: fever, no hemolysis
  • Tx: stop transfusion, give NSAIDs, +/- restart at lower rate
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24
Q

Cause of non-immune mediated hemolysis

A

Storage/administration issue

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25
Q

Massive transfusion

A

> 1 blood volume

> 22 ml/kg/day
-can –> hypocalcemia, hypoK, hypothermia, coagulopathy

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26
Q

Indications for fresh whole blood

A
  • massive acute blood loss
  • liver failure
  • DIC
  • no stored products available
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27
Q

Adv/Disadv. Of fresh whole blood

A

Adv: platelets, clotting factors
Disadv: volume, time

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28
Q

Indications for PRBCs

A

-acute blood loss (

29
Q

Most common cat blood type

A

A

-have Ab to type B RBC (usually weak IgG response –> early RBC destruction)

30
Q

Type B cats have Ab to what RBC?

A

Type A

-strong IgM Ab response –> severe rxn within minutes

31
Q

Type B most common in what breeds

A
  • British shorthair
  • Devon rex
  • Persian
  • Abyssinian
  • Himalayan
  • Birman
32
Q

Lifespan of properly matched RBCs in a cat?

A

30 days

33
Q

Lifespan of type B RBCs given to type A cat?

A

2 days

34
Q

Dal antigen

A
  • missing in some Dalmatians

- must acquire Ab to it, so usually won’t have rxn to it on first transfusion

35
Q

Mik antigen

A
  • uncommon in cats
  • type but not cross-match compatible (should cross-match for it)
  • cats have PRE-FORMED antibodies to it
36
Q

What is the minimum time required to create Ab to a transfusion?

A

4 days

37
Q

Indications for cross matching

A
  • dog with previous transfusion (+/- pregnancy)

- cats

38
Q

Major cross match

A

Recipient plasma with donor RBCs

39
Q

Minor cross match

A

Donor plasma with recipient cells

40
Q

How long can blood be stored?

A

about 3 weeks

-adsol increases the lifespan

41
Q

Packed red cells are ___x as concentrated as whole blood

A

2x

42
Q

How much whole blood given to increase PCV by 1%?

A

1 ml/lb

43
Q

How much PRBCs given to increase PCV by 1%?

A

1 ml/kg (or 1 ml/lb to increase PCV 2%)

44
Q

SIRS =

A

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

45
Q

Types of transfusion reactions

A

1) immune-mediated hemolysis
2) allergic reactions
3) febrile, non-hemolytic reaction
4) Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI)
5) Sepsis
6) non-immune mediated hemolysis

46
Q

Immune-mediated hemolysis

A
  • due to pre-formed Ab (IgG, IgM)
  • complement, cytokines –> SIRS
  • fever, vomiting, shock
  • hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria
  • tx = stop the transfusion!
  • IV hemolysis
  • ie. Giving type A blood to type B cat
47
Q

Transfusion reactions

A
  • IgE mediated –> mast cell degranulation
  • mild pruritus to systemic anaphylaxis
  • tx: stop transfusion, give benadryl, +/- glucocorticoids and epi
48
Q

Cause and tx of febrile, non-hemolytic transfusion rxn

A
  • cause: WBC-produced cytokines due to storage, leukoreduction filters
  • CS: fever, no hemolysis
  • Tx: stop transfusion, give NSAIDs, +/- restart at lower rate
49
Q

Cause of non-immune mediated hemolysis

A

Storage/administration issue

50
Q

Massive transfusion

A

> 1 blood volume

> 22 ml/kg/day
-can –> hypocalcemia, hypoK, hypothermia, coagulopathy

51
Q

Indications for fresh whole blood

A
  • massive acute blood loss
  • liver failure
  • DIC
  • no stored products available
52
Q

Adv/Disadv. Of fresh whole blood

A

Adv: platelets, clotting factors
Disadv: volume, time

53
Q

Indications for PRBCs

A

-acute blood loss (

54
Q

Adv/disadv. Of PRBCs

A
  • Adv: less volume, stored

- Disadv: no platelets or factors, ammonia accumulation (don’t use on liver patients)

55
Q

Fresh frozen plasma contains:

A
  • clotting factors
  • antithrombin
  • platelets
56
Q

Indications for fresh frozen plasma

A
  • DIC
  • Hemophilia A+B (coagulopathy)
  • hypoalbuminemia
57
Q

Shelf life of FFP

A

1 year

58
Q

Adv./Disadv. of FFP

A

Adv:

  • less antigenic (has less cellular components)
  • specific

Disadv:
-storage space

59
Q

Frozen (stored) plasma lacks:

A

factors V and VIII

60
Q

Indications of frozen plasma

A
  • Vit. K rodenticide
  • Hemophilia B
  • Hypoalbuminemia
61
Q

Adv. of frozen plasma

A
  • stored
  • less volume
  • long shelf life (5 years)
  • cheaper
62
Q

Cryoprecipitate contains:

A

-concentrated factor VIII, vWF, fibrinogen, and fibronectin

63
Q

Indications for cryoprecipitate

A
  • Von Willebrand’s dz

- Hemophilia A

64
Q

Indication for platelet concentrate

A

-thrombocytopenia with ACTIVE bleeding (or prior to surgery) ie. Splenectomy

(Infrequently used)

65
Q

Indication for platelet-rich plasma

A

-thrombocytopenia with active bleeding

Infrequently used

66
Q

Indications for concentrated albumin

A
  • hypoproteinemia with CS
  • not currently available
  • can cause type 3 hypersensitivity rxn
67
Q

General recommendations

A
  • blood type AND crossmatch prior to any feline transfusion
  • blood type cats from breeds likely to be type B
  • blood type all potential donors
  • donors shouldn’t have been previously transfused or pregnant
  • all breeding animals should be blood typed
  • patients likely to require multiple transfusions should ideally be blood typed so that type-specific blood can be administered
68
Q

IF all canine donors are DEA 1.1 negative, and the patient has not been transfused or pregnant before, THEN:

A

It SHOULD be safe to transfuse cellular products without crossmatching (acute hemolysis unlikely)

Small Animal Medicine: Exam 1 (Spring 2016) (3 decks)

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