L1 - BASIC CONCEPTS Flashcards
List the six drug of abuse classes.
CNS Depressants
CNS Stimulants (Psychostimulants)
Opiates
Cannabinoids
Hallucinogens
Inhalants
In what drug class does fit cocaine?
CNS Stimulants (Psychostimulants)
In what drug class does fit MDMA?
Hallucinogens
What are the three most consumed substances of abused worldwide?
- Alcohol
- Tobacco (nicotine)
- Cannabis
What are the four types of cost of substance abuse?
Medical (death and illness)
Social (homelessness and violence)
Economic (loss of productivity)
Legal (prosecution)
What is the keyword in the definition of addiction that differentiates it from dependance?
COMPULSIVE desire
What are the three components of the Addiction Cycle?
Intoxication -> Withdrawal ->Anticipation
True or false: addiction does not change brain anatomy or chemistry.
False.
What is the neurobiology criteria to classify a drug as addictive?
Increase in dopamine release in rewarding brain regions.
What is a capture rate?
Risk for becoming addicted.
In the rewarding brain regions, to what neuroadaptation does lead chronic use of an addictive drug? How does this modification affect the experience of pleasure?
D2 receptors are downregulated, so dopamine effects are minimized. This results in a loss of pleasure.
Regarding substances of abuse, what are the dopamine cells of a patient diagnosed with a substance use disorder firing to?
Anticipation of drug-associated reward.
True or false: the physical withdrawal is the same for any substance of abuse.
False: drug specific.
True or false: over the timeline of withdrawal, syndromes tend to shift from being physical to psychological.
True.
What area of the brain is responsible for mediating withdrawal responses?
The extended amygdala.
What is the primordial factor for relapse?
Withdrawal syndrome.
After how much time after the last “fix” is the opiate physical withdrawal at the peak?
72 hours.
To what cognitive impairment does lead chronic substance use that makes it even harder to resist drug-related “cues”?
Hypofunctioning of the PFC, making it hard to manage the cravings (loss of inhibitory control).
What is the drug-seeking phase (anticipation) often triggering by?
Drug-related “cues”.
In relation to abnormalities in the PFC regions due to chronic substance use, what does IRISA stand for? What does this model support?
Impairments in Response Inhibition and Salience Attribution. This model proposes that impairments of the PFC due to substance use gives rise to an incentive salience for drugs (hypersensitivity to drug-related cues and less value assigned to other types of reward) + poor response inhibition.
What is drug dependence defined by?
The psychological and physical symptoms caused by the physiological changes in response to drug abuse.
When did SUD appear as a diagnostic in the DSM?
In the last version, the DSM-5 released in 2013.
True or false: in the DSM criteria for SUD, quantity of drug consumed is a criterion.
False.
What new criteria appeared in the DSM-5 for SUD?
Craving.
