L1 and L2 Flashcards
critical period hypothesis
theory that there exists a period from early childhood to adolescence in which full native competence is possible when acquiring a language
Dysnomia
difficulty in recalling names or words needed for oral or written language
Countable Nouns
Nouns that have a quantity that can be determined using numbers
overgeneralization
the application of a grammar rule in a place where it doesn’t apply
homonyms
words that share the same spelling or pronunciation, but have different meanings
ex. Break and brake
false cognates
words from different languages that look and sound alike, but have different meanings
phonology
the systematic organization of sounds in languages
antonyms
words with the opposite meanings
hyponyms
words that fall under a more general term. Ex. hyponyms (specific type of item) for clothes are sweater, pants, shirt
syntax
rules that govern the construction of words in order to make phrases, clauses, and sentences.
CALPS (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency Skills)
formal, textbook language used in academic situations
Minimal pairs
phonemes that are similar and difficult to distinguish. safe/save
connector
word that relates words, phrases, or clauses to each other.
if, so that, therefore, however
generalization
forming a general concept from specific information
aspect
words that determine if the statement is referring to a single action, a repeated or regular action, or a progressive/ongoing state or action
metacognition
the awareness and understanding of ones own though processes
synonyms
words with the same meaning
determiner
words that provide information about nouns; vital for forming meaningful statements or questions.
a, an, the, this that, my, your, some, many
word order (syntax)
subject first, followed by the verb, and then the objects and adverbial phrases
Borrowing
incorporation of linguistic material from one language to another
meronyms
words that are part of a more general term. Meronyms (specific thing on an item) for pants are pockets, zipper, cuff.
pre-production/ silent period
first stage of 2nd language acquisition. taking in new language, but not speaking it.
avoidance
an ELL avoids using difficult words and structures, opting for simpler ones instead
uncountable noun
nouns that do not have a quantity that can be determined using numbers
cognates
words in two languages that share a similar meaning, spelling, and pronunciation
early production
stage of 2nd language acquisition where the learning is listening and absorbing new information and collecting new words
code-switching
the ability to change the way you communicate depending on what is appropriate for the situation – students using U in text messages but you in classwork
semantics
the study of word of symbol meaning
speech emergence
stage of 2nd language acquisition in which the learner speaks more frequently using longer words and sentences
circumlocution
the use of many words to describe something when fewer would be sufficient
register
the degree of formality with which one speaks
Is high L1 coginitive development better for L2 acquisition?
YES! Skills transfer from L1 to L2. The better the first language, the better the second language will be developed.
Interference
negative impacts of L1 on L2
Benefits of L2 as an adult vs child
ADULT: have advantages of applying shortcuts to learning and drawing analogies from L1
CHILD: sound more like a native
How to teach syntax?
Teach both implicit and explicitly. May be necessary to teach explicitly for gaining academic language.
