Effective Instruction and Literacy Development Flashcards
Metacognition
the awareness and understanding of one’s own thought processes, enabling students to monitor, control, and reflect on their learning strategies and problem-solving techniques to enhance their cognitive abilities
Schema
an organized way of viewing the world and using this organization to incorporate new knowledge
Onset and Rime Production
the ability to hear and understand that the sound(s) before the vowel in a syllable is the onset, and the vowel and everything that comes after it in a syllable is the rime
Example.
In the word cat, the onset is /c/ and the rime is /at/
Phoneme Segmentation
the ability to break down a word into separate sounds, as they say and count each sound
Example.
How many sounds are there in the word bug? /b/ /u/ /g/? There are three.
Word awareness
knowing that individual words make up a sentence
Example.
“A brown cat jumped over the car.” has 7 words
Phonemic Awareness / Sound Awareness
the ability to hear, identify, and re-create individual sounds in spoken words
Example.
A student can hear that /b/ makes first sound in the word “blue”
phoneme deletion
the ability to recognize and understand a word or sound(s) that remain when a phoneme is removed.
Example.
“What is bat without the /b/?” “at”
phoneme isolation
the ability to hear and recognize the individual sounds in words
Example.
What is the first sound you hear in dog? /d/
phoneme blending
the ability to blend two sounds to make a word
Example.
Blend together these sounds to make a word: /b/ /a/ /t/ to form bat.
positive language transfer
occurs when L1 knowledge facilitates the acquisition of L2
Example.
Positive language transfer occurs when students use what they know about sentence structure in their native language to help them understand sentence structure in the language they are acquiring.
Rhyme Awareness / Rhyming
the ability first to hear words that rhyme and then to be able to produce a rhyme(s)
Example.
“Blue” and “Flew” rhyme
phoneme addition
the ability to make a new word(s) by adding a phoneme to an existing word
Example.
What new word can you make by adding a sound to the beginning of at? Bat, cat, rat, and sat.
Syllable Awareness / Syllabication / Syllable Segmentation
the ability to hear individual parts/syllables of words
Example.
“Education” has four syllables “ed-u-ca-tion”
phonological awareness
the understanding and ability to hear individual words, syllables, and sounds in spoken language apart from print
think aloud
a teaching strategy in which a teacher states his/her thoughts aloud to demonstrate how the students should go about solving a problem or understanding a text
Example.
Math teachers model thinking by reading a problem aloud and verbalizing figuring out what it is asking what needs to be done. Language arts teachers ask themselves questions about the text as they read aloud.
