L1&2: MEMORY, MEMORY LOSS & UNLEARNING Flashcards
define learning
the process of acquiring factual knowledge
the 2 definitions of memory
- a store in which information can be retained for later use
- a particular item of stored information
which synaptic connections does memory affect the strength of?
between neurons in sensorimotor pathways which mediate stimulus elicited behaviour
define autobiographical memories
memories of things we did or that happened
- memories are formed without learning
define procedural memories
improvement in ability, we cannot recall or describe but we have the knowledge
- learning takes place without memory formation
define declarative (explicit) memory
memory from which we can consciously recall items and describe them in words
- we know something is the case
define non declarative (implicit) memory
memory which does not involve conscious recollection, demonstrated by performance
how is declarative and non declarative memory distinguished?
the ability to consciously recall items or not
define anterograde amnesia
the inability to form new memories
- intact STM but impaired LTM
which area of HM’s brain was removed?
medial temporal live including the hippocampus
what did the star trace task show evidence for?
HM improved
- motor skills = non declarative
what did the rotor task show evidence for?
retention of a motor skill = non declarative
what did the delay conditioning eye blink experiment show evidence for?
declarative memory is not required to produce non declarative memory because they were unaware of the relationship but still produced blink CR
which brain region is involved in delay conditioning?
cerebellar cortex
which brain region is not important in delay conditioning?
hippocampus
what brain region is involved in trace conditioning?
hippocampus
- retain info over the trace interval (time)
define retrogade amnesia
loss of existing memories
what is natural forgetting?
passive process of decay which occurs when you do nothing
define retroactive interference
learning something new interferes with the memory of something you previously learned
define repression
suppressed declarative memory - prevents recollection into consciousness to defend against traumatic recollection
what does the pavlovian extinction procedure involve?
after acquisition of the conditioned response, the conditional stimulus is presented without the unconditional stimulus so that the conditional response is no longer elicited
define spontaneous recovery
an extinguished conditional response reappears after extinction procedure
define renewal
a previously acquired conditional response is extinguished in one context but still may reappear in the original or new contexts
define reinstatement
conditional responses are restored after an extinction procedure and then immediate presentation of aversive stimuli in quick succession
what does an extinction procedure cause?
the inability to express behaviour even thought the previous learning has not been erased
