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Question 1

What are the three basic principles of Swedish health care system?

Answer 1

1. Human dignity: All human beings have an equal entitlement to dignity and have the same rights.
2. Need and solidarity: Those in greatest need take precedence in being treated.
3. Cost-effectiveness: When a choice has to be made, there should be a reasonable balance between costs and benefits, with costs measured in relation to improvement in health and quality of life.

Question 2

What is microeconomics?

Answer 2

Behavior of individual economic units; consumers, firms, workers, and investors as well as the markets that these units comprise.

Question 3

What is macroeconomics?

Answer 3

Aggregate economic
variables, such as the level and growth rate of national output, interest rates, unemployment, and inflation

Question 4

Name and give examples of three trade-offs in microeconomics

Answer 4

Consumers: Limited incomes, wide range of spending opportunities - beef vs chicken
Workers: Enter workforce, employment, hours - work vs leisure
Firms: Products, resources - More or less to hire

Question 5

What is positive analysis?

Answer 5

Positive analysis describes relationships of cause and effect.

Question 6

What is normative analysis?

Answer 6

Normative analysis examines questions of whats the right this to do/what should happpen.

Question 7

What is a market (per definition)?

Answer 7

Collection of buyers and sellers that, through their actual or potential interactions, determine the price of a product or set of products.

Question 8

Describe a perfectly competitive market

Answer 8

Market with many buyers and sellers, so that no single buyer or seller has a significant impact on price

Question 9

Describe a non-competitive market

Answer 9

Market with one or limited number of buyers and sellers, so that single buyer or seller has a significant impact on price

Question 10

What is monopoly?

Answer 10

Only one seller

Question 11

What is monopsony?

Answer 11

Only one buyer

Question 12

What is health economics?

Answer 12

Science about how best limited resources can be utilized for satisfying (unlimited) need of health by individual’s or society’s own choice

Question 13

Name two ways to measure health

Answer 13

Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs)
Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)

Question 14

How to calculate QALYs

Answer 14

Number of years * level of health (scale 0-1)

Question 15

Name four ways to do health economic evaluation

Answer 15

Cost of illness studies
Cost-effectiveness analysis
Cost-benefit analysis
Cost-utility analysis

Question 16

Describe the health care triangle

Answer 16

The citizen funds the Third-party insurer or purchaser who allocates the provider who delivers the service to the citizen