L1

Question 1

Pathology

Answer 1

the study of diseases or suffering

Question 2

Pathology is the study of

Answer 2

structural, biochemical, & functional changes in cells, tissues, & organs involved by any disease

Question 3

Pathology is the bridge between

Answer 3

basic science and clinical science, and it uses molecular, microbiologic, immunologic, & morphologic techniques to reach a diagnosis & explanation

Question 4

Types of pathology:

Answer 4

• General pathology

* Systemic pathology

Question 5

General pathology:

Answer 5

study general reactions of cells and tissues to diseases

Question 6

Systemic pathology:

Answer 6

study alteration of specialized organs in specific diseases

Question 7

Etiology:

Answer 7

the underlying causes & modifying factors responsible for initiation & progression
of a disease [why a disease arises]

Question 8

Etiology can be:

Answer 8

Genetic “i.e. mutations” or Acquired “i.e. infection, nutritional, chemical”

Question 9

Pathogenesis:

Answer 9

mechanisms of development & progression of disease [how disease develop]

Question 10

It’s the sequence of events in response to etiologic cause until the ultimate expression of the disease

Answer 10

Pathogenesis

Question 11

Classification of Pathology:

Answer 11

1. Anatomical (surgical) pathology:

2. Clinical pathology (fluid)

Question 12

Gross and microscopic examination of tissues & cells usually obtained as a mass in surgery.

Answer 12

Anatomical (surgical) pathology

Question 13

hematology, microbiology, immunology, serology & biochemistry

Answer 13

Clinical pathology (fluid)

Question 14

Subtypes of Anatomical pathology:

Answer 14

• Histopathology: examination of tissues under microscope
• Cytopathology: examination of cells shed in body fluids [i.e. cervical smear, sputum & gastric washings]
• Forensic pathology: postmortem examination (autopsy) to find the cause of death
• Other sub-specialties: Dermatopathology, Neuropathology, Oral pathology

Question 15

Biopsies:

Answer 15

can be excisional (whole tissue) OR incisional (part of tissue)

Question 16

usually examined by cytopathology for disease screening

Answer 16

Smears

Question 17

shed on surface, i.e. sputum

Answer 17

Exfoliative

Question 18

from deep organs, i.e. thyroid mass

Answer 18

Fine needle aspiration

Question 19

Specimen identification:

Answer 19

it must contain the patient name, medical record number, and a request form, date & time of collection, physician name, brief history, Number of specimens

Question 20

Specimens:

Answer 20

• Usually preserved in formalin to fix the tissues
• Then it’s put in paraffin wax block
• Paraffin block can be sliced into slides (8 micrometers thick) and tested later
• Paraffin block can be stored for 30 years & slides for 10 years
• Slides can be stained before examination using H&E (Hematoxylin & eosin) stain
֎ Nucleus is blue, cytoplasm is pink