L08 Singh The Limbic System Flashcards
Name the three divisions of the amygdala
- basolateral
- corticomedial
- central nucleus
What is the function of the basolateral division of the amygdala?
EMOTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE. Connects to the cortical association areas (via the dorsal medial nucleus of thalamus); involved in attaching emotional significance to a stimulus. Lesion might result in a dead-pan affect (eg nothing affects them).
What is the function of the corticomedial division of the amygdala?
ENDOCRINE. Connects to VMN of hypothalamus (via stria terminalis); involved in appetite behavior.
What is the function of the central nucleus of the amygdala?
AUTONOMICS. Connects to brainstem and autonomic centers in hypothalamus; regulates visceral and cardiovascular function.
What are the 4 main functions of the limbic system?
HOME: Homeostasis, olfaction, memory, emotion.
Name the 4 main limbic association cortices
- cingulate gyrus
- parahippocampal gyrus
- medial orbitofrontal gyri
- gyri of the temporal pole
Name the major structures of the limbic system.
- limbic association cortex & cingulum
- hippocampus & fornix
- amygdala & stria terminalis.
Name 3 areas of the limbic system that receive input from the olfactory system (ie the olfactory projection area).
- priform cortex
- entorhinal cortex
- amygdala
Outline the pathway associated with the conscious discrimination of odors
Piriform cortex –> thalamus –> frontal lobe
The olfactory bulb/nerve send fibers to the olfactory cortex via the _____.
Lateral olfactory stria
What cortical area is related to memories associated with odors?
Entorhinal cortex (which is associated with the hippocampus)
What are the three effector systems of emotion?
- Somatic (ie behavioral signs)
- Endocrine (eg VMN of hypothalamus –> arcuate nucleus, activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis)
- Autonomic (primarily sympathetic): central amygdaloid nucleus –> dorsal motor nucleus of vagus via amygdalofugal pathway. Also regulated by hypothalamus.
Which corticolimbic structure is responsible for dilation of pupils, salivation, arousal etc?
Orbitofrontal cortex
Which structure did Phineas Gage damage that impeded his ability to check inappropriate behaviors?
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Which structure coordinates peripheral expression of emotional states?
Hypothalamus