Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology (Spring 2015) > L06: Neurodiagnostics (Carrera) > Flashcards

L06: Neurodiagnostics (Carrera) Flashcards

1
Q

Common lab tests

A 
pre and post-prandial bile acids
ACTH stim.
Dex supression test
Urine protein: creatinine ratio
paired insulin & glucose lvls (confirms insulinoma)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

test for Leptomeningitis

A

eos on CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Latex Capsular Agglutination Test (LCAT)

A

used for infectious testing and treatment monitoring

-very sensitive and specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CSF can be used to test for what common infectious agents?

A

Toxoplasma gondii
Neospora canis
Cryptococcus neoformans
Distemper virus (will have inclusion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 “regional” diseases

A

coccidioides
blastomycoses
hepatozoon canis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

imaging modalities

A 
Rads - not helpful for DIRECT visualization
U/S
Myelography
CT and CT-myelography
MRI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rads can detect what bony lesions?

A

fractures
luxations
lysis
proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

disadvantages of rads

A

-will not see neural structures or discs (unless mineralized)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

disadvantage of ultrasound

A

sound waves don’t penetrate bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

myelography

A
  • survey spinal rads with intrathecal contrast injection

- repeat rads after contrast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

most likely differential for extradural mass

A

disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

complications of myelography

A
  • seizures assoc. with injection location and volume
  • worsening neuro status due to chemical meningitis
  • cardiac arrest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

advant. of CT

A
  • more sensitive than rads
  • contrast arises from differences in tissue density
  • rapid, inexpensive
  • can be performed under sedation (don’t need to be anesthetized)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does MRI work?

A

signal comes from protons which behave differently depending on the medium they’re in (water, tissue, tissue w/o water, tissue w/ metal, etc.)

  • very sensitive for soft tissue resolution
  • slow
  • requires gen. anesthesia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when cannot use MRI?

A

pacemaker

region of interest has prior implants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

main enzyme required to form CSF

A

carbonic anhydrase

17
Q

where is CSF drained?

A

by arachnoid villi into venous sinuses (@ lower end of spinal column)

18
Q

contraindication of collecting CSF

A

increased intracranial pressure

19
Q

where is CSF usually harvested?

A

cisterna magna or cerebellomedullary cistern

2ary: lumbar puncture: subarachnoid space (smaller)

20
Q

relationship between meningeal or ependymal involvement and CSF

A

greater the meningeal or ependymal involvement, the more abnormal the CSF

  • helpful to rule out other diseases, but is rarely diagnostic alone
  • VERY sensitive, not specific
21
Q

when is lumbar puncture to get CSF indicated?

A

if closer to the lesion.

-higher rate of blood contamination!

22
Q

2 cases when CSF CAN be diagnostic

A

bacteria in CSF

lots of lymphocytes (–>lymphoma)

23
Q

what things are evaluated in CSF?

A

ultrafiltrate of plasma
color and clarity (normal = clear, colorless)
total nucleated cell count (N= mononuclear)
RBC count (N=0)
Protein conc.

24
Q

xanthochromia

A

yellow tinge to CSF

  • usually from prior hemorrhage
  • can last up to 4 wks
25
Q

turbid CSF can indicate:

A

increased cellularity

26
Q

pleocytosis =

A

too many cells in the CSF

27
Q

albuminocytologic dissociation

A

elevated CSF protein conc. with normal CSF cell count

28
Q

types of neuromuscular testing

A

2-M Ab titer (for masticatory myositis)
Ach receptor Ab titer (for myasthenia gravis)
Electrodiagnostic testing
Muscle and nerve biopsies

29
Q

Types of electrodiagnostic testing

A

Electromyography
Nerve conduction velocity (motor and sensory)
Repetitive Nerve Stimulation (MG suspect)
F-waves (to test integrity of nerve root)
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (to test for hearing)
Electroencephalography (to determine if brain waves are normal if we think animal is having seizure)

30
Q

Electromyography: N vs. Abn.

A
  • Healthy muscle electrically silent
  • Abn. discharges can occur from metabolic, m. or nerve disease
  • m. becomes very sensitive to circulating Ach when denervated and can have spontaneous discharges
31
Q

Nerve Conduction Studies

A
  • Evaluate conduction (motor and sensory nerve fx) by evaluating latency, amplitude, conduction velocity.
  • looks at M wave
  • affected by age, limb temp, limb length
32
Q

amplitude proportional to:

A

of axons

33
Q

conduction velocity proportional to:

A

degree of myelination

34
Q

Which breeds more susceptible to congenital deafness?

A

Dalmatian**

Australian cattle dog, Aussie, Bull terrier, Catahoula, English cocker spaniel, English setter

Neurology (Spring 2015) (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions