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HTST 200 > L05 Marxist Revolutionary Theory > Flashcards

L05 Marxist Revolutionary Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What is communism defined as by Karl Marx?

A

The abolition of private property and capitalism in favor of collective control of the means of production.

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2
Q

What does communism advocate for in terms of social structure?

A

Social equality.

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3
Q

How did the Rhineland change after the Napoleonic Wars?

A

It was incorporated into the conservative Prussian state.

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3
Q

What policy had a lenient influence on the Rhineland during Marx’s youth?

A

The Napoleonic Code.

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3
Q

How does Marx describe communism’s relationship to history?

A

As a “liberation” from history.

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3
Q

What significant historical event influenced Marx’s early life?

A

The Napoleonic Wars (1805-1815), which led to French occupation of his region.

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3
Q

What philosophical emphasis did Marx champion?

A

The Enlightenment’s emphasis on reason and rationality.

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4
Q

When was Karl Marx born?

A

May 5, 1818.

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4
Q

Where was Karl Marx born?

A

Trier, in the Rhineland.

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5
Q

What cultural movement was Marx infatuated with?

A

German Romanticism.

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5
Q

What happened to the newspaper Marx was involved with in 1843?

A

It was shut down.

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6
Q

Where did Marx earn his Ph.D.?

A

The University of Jena.

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7
Q

What career did Marx initially pursue after his education?

A

A career as a newspaper man.

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8
Q

Where did Marx go into exile after facing accusations?

A

Paris.

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8
Q

Why was Marx accused of sedition in 1844?

A

Due to the political content of his writings.

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9
Q

Who did Marx meet in Paris?

A

Friedrich Engels (1820-1895).

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9
Q

What were Marx and Engels trying to address in their writings?

A

Political revolution, industrialization, and philosophical transformation.

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10
Q

What event brought Marx back to Germany in 1848?

A

The Revolutions of 1848.

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11
Q

How did the French Revolution influence Marx and Engels?

A

It served as both a model and a cautionary tale.

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11
Q

What era did the French Revolution help to begin?

A

An era of mass politics.

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12
Q

According to Marx, where does he believe he stands in history?

A

On the “right” side of history.

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13
Q

Which philosopher’s ideas about history influenced Marx?

A

Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.

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13
Q

How did industrialization impact society, according to Marx?

A

It changed where people lived, how they worked, and how they behaved.

14
Q

How did Marx and Engels present their ideas?

A

As a “science” of revolution.

15
Q

What is the central theme of all history, according to Marx?

A

The story of class struggle.

16
Q

How do new classes gain power, according to Marx?

A

By revolution.

17
Q

How does class conflict contribute to society, according to Marx?

A

It creates progress.

17
Q

What role does the state play in each stage of history?

A

It is used by the ruling class to maintain its rule.

18
Q

What does Marx believe about the nature of revolution?

A

It must be violent; it is the only way the ruling group gives up power.

19
Q

What is the dialectical process outlined by Marx?

A

Thesis, Antithesis, Synthesis.

20
Q

What are Marx’s six stages of history?

A

Primitive society, Slave society, Feudalism, Capitalism, Socialism, Communism.

21
Q

What two classes make up Marx’s industrial age social pyramid?

A

Bourgeoisie and Proletariat.

22
Q

How does Marx define the Bourgeoisie?

A

Capitalists, the “haves,” the oppressors.

23
Q

How does Marx define the Proletariat?

A

Workers, the “have-nots,” the oppressed.

24
Q

How does the ideology and ideas(superstructure) maintain affect the matter and means of production(base)?

A

Maintains

25
Q

How does the matter and means of production(base) affect the ideology and ideas(superstructure)?

A

Shapes

26
Q

What are the three key works that outline Marxist theory?

A

The Communist Manifesto (1848), The Critique of Political Economy (1859), and Das Kapital (Volume I, 1867).

27
Q

What is the Labor Theory of Value?

A

It posits that labor, not the market, sets the value of goods and services.

28
Q

What is the Iron Law of Wages?

A

It states that workers’ wages must be kept at subsistence levels to maximize profits.

29
Q

How does the Iron Law of Wages affect workers?

A

It alienates the worker from their product and produces competition between businesses and states.

30
Q

What is Dialectical Materialism?

A

It is the concept that social and political development is driven by economic factors.

31
Q

What historical event is associated with Marx’s writings on communism?

A

The Paris Commune of 1871.

32
Q

How long did the Paris Commune last?

A

73 days.

33
Q

What did Marx claim about the Paris Commune?

A

He claimed it established a “dictatorship of the proletariat” in Paris.

34
Q

Why should we be skeptical of Marx’s claims about the Commune?

A

The Communards came from various backgrounds, and Marx did not actively encourage the Commune.

35
Q

What might the Paris Commune represent for Marx?

A

An example of good publicity for his ideas.

36
Q

What does Marx claim is common to all past societies?

A

The exploitation of one part of society by another through class antagonisms.

37
Q

What is the Communist revolution described as?

A

The most radical rupture with traditional property relations and ideas.

37
Q

What is the first step in the revolution by the working class according to Marx?

A

To raise the proletariat to the position of the ruling class and win the battle of democracy.

38
Q

What will the proletariat use its political supremacy for?

A

To gradually wrest all capital from the bourgeoisie and centralize all instruments of production in the hands of the State (proletariat).

39
Q

What type of measures does Marx say will initially be necessary for the revolution?

A

Despotic inroads on the rights of property and bourgeois production conditions.

40
Q

List one proposed measure for revolutionary change in advanced countries.

A

Abolition of property in land and application of all rents to public purposes.

41
Q

What does Marx say about labor obligations?

A

There should be an equal obligation for all to labor and the establishment of industrial armies, especially for agriculture.

41
Q

How does Marx propose to centralize credit?

A

By means of a national bank with State capital and an exclusive monopoly.

42
Q

What does Marx suggest about inheritance rights?

A

He advocates for the abolition of all rights of inheritance.

42
Q

What educational reforms does Marx advocate?

A

Free education for all children in public schools and the abolition of children’s factory labor.

42
Q

How does Marx envision society after class distinctions have disappeared?

A

As an association where the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all.

HTST 200 (18 decks)

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