L03 - Light wood frame construction

Question 1

Label the parts of a tree from its first year of growth

Answer 1

Pith
Heartwood
Sapwood
Bark

Question 2

Tree’s first year’s growth (very very core of tree - from then on, every single year tree puts on rings)

Answer 2

Pith

Question 3

Lifeless central portion (dead sapwood)
- Still offers structural portion of tree

Answer 3

Heartwood

Question 4

Living layers that supply nutrients to leaves

Answer 4

Sapwood

Question 5

Protective layer of dead cells

Answer 5

Bark

Question 6

The __________ of some tree species such as cedar is naturally resistant to decay and insect attack.

Answer 6

heartwood

Question 7

True or False:
The heartwood of some trees (eg. cedar) is naturally resistant to decay and insect attack

Answer 7

True

Question 8

How much water is within a timber after being sawn from a log and what happens to the wood after?

Answer 8

approx. 30%
The ‘bound water’ evaporates, and the wood begins to shrink. As it dries, grows stiffer and stronger

Question 9

For framing, moisture content (MC) should be no more than ___ (max per NZBC - NZ Building Code)

Answer 9

18%

Question 10

Why should the MC be no more than 18% (max per NZBC)?

Answer 10

If above, then dead fungi can thrive and then begin to degrade and break down cellulose
- cause structural damage

Question 11

What are some timber defects?

Answer 11

Tight and dead knot and splits and checks

Question 12

Laminated wood

Answer 12

Large structural members often made by gluing smaller pieces together

Question 13

What is an advantage of laminated wood?

Answer 13

Can achieve shapes (curves) and sizes not possible in nature
Quality can be controlled - defects removed

Question 14

what is glue laminated also known as?

Answer 14

Glulam

Question 15

A “__________ beam” is similar to a built-up beam except that the middle element is steel plate rather than timber.

Answer 15

flitch

Question 16

True or False:
Laminated wood can control the quality and remove defects?

Answer 16

True

Question 17

True or False:
Plywood is a panel product comprised of glued layers of wood veneer with grain direction alternated from layer to layer for added strength.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What does OSB stand for?

Answer 18

Oriented strand board
(long strands of wood compressed/glued into layers)

Question 19

Particleboard

Answer 19

Wood particles compressed/glued

Question 20

Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF)

Answer 20

Tiny wood fibres compressed/glued

Question 21

In NZ, the most prevalent timber framing treatment used for top plates, studs, joists etc is “H____”

Answer 21

1.2, H1.2

Question 22

H3.1 is used for what?

Answer 22

Painted weatherboard cladding
Battens within cladding cavity systems

Question 23

In NZ, the level of wood preservative required for exposed rafter endings is ______.

Answer 23

H3.2

Question 24

True or False:
Treated (H3.2) plywood is often used as a DPC (damp-proof course)

Answer 24

False

Question 25

True or False: H5 is for exposed posts, braces and piles

Answer 25

True

Question 26

True or False: Trusses are either pre-engineered or customised using computer software

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Wood I-Joists

Answer 27

Comprised of top and bottom flanges (solid lumber or panel products) with plywood or OSB web products)

Question 28

True or False: Wood I-Joists can be used in place of joists, beams and rafters

Answer 28

True

Question 29

What are the 3 main types of foundation?

Answer 29

Basement Crawlspace/pier & beam Slab-on-grade

Question 30

Enclosed, accessible space b/w soil and floor of first (ground) floor Cold climate with deep frost lines

Answer 30

Basement

Question 31

Accessible space w/ little headroom Wet climates & areas w/ clay soils

Answer 31

Crawlspace/pier & beam

Question 32

Structural concrete slab poured on grade (ground level) Good in area w/ high water table

Answer 32

Slab-on-grade

Question 33

True or False: Basements are particularly suitable for climates with high water tables but not locations with deep frost lines

Answer 33

False

Question 34

True or False: Slab-on grade is good in areas with high water table

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Which foundation type is good for wet climates and areas with clay soils?

Answer 35

Crawlspace/pier and beam

Question 36

True or False: Residential basement foundations are NOT suited for wet climates with high water tables

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What is the main type of foundation in NZ?

Answer 37

Pier and Beam

Question 38

What are the different types of pier and beam?

Answer 38

Ordinary, braced, and anchor

Question 39

What does CMU stand for?

Answer 39

Concrete Masonry Units

Question 40

To prevent wetting and eventual rot, it is important to place "__ __ __" between a foundation wall and the timber bearers. (hint: answer is an acronym made up of three letters)

Answer 40

DPC (damp-proof course) - a vapour barrier preventing moisture from passing from one material to another

Question 41

When a wooden bearer is supported by a concrete foundation wall, a "__" is req'd between to stop moisture from passing

Answer 41

DPC, damp-proof course, damp proof course

Question 42

True or False: When framing an opening in a floor, double headers are supported by double trimmers.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

True or False: Double headers are placed at mid-span to maintain joists' orientation and depth

Answer 43

False

Question 44

What is the standard joist spacing?

Answer 44

450mm

Question 45

_______ are vertical, regularly spaced elements in timber wall framing.

Answer 45

Studs

Question 46

The short studs located above an opening which supports the portion of top plate over the header are called:

Answer 46

Cripples

Question 47

The rule of thumb regarding the framing of floor overhangs is:

Answer 47

2/3 normally supported, 1/3 overhanging

Question 48

True or False: Bridging is placed at mid-span to maintain joists' orientation and depth

Answer 48

True

Question 49

What are the most common roof shapes?

Answer 49

Gable Hip

Question 50

When a gable or hip roof structure expresses the roof shape on the interior and does NOT feature ceiling joists, a "ridge ______" is necessary since there are no joists to resist outward thrust.

Answer 50

beam

Question 51

Rake overhangs feature _____________, which span from the last common rafter to the exterior stud wall and support the fly rafter, or outrigger.

Answer 51

lookouts

Question 52

True or False: Lookouts span from the last common rafter to the exterior stud wall and support the fly rafter

Answer 52

True

Question 53

Where are fly rafters located?

Answer 53

The fly rafter is attached to the end of the lookouts

Question 54

Purlins

Answer 54

Continuous boards running perpendicular to rafters

Question 55

A ___________ is the notch in a rafter that is shaped to fit over the external wall's top plate.

Answer 55

birdsmouth

Question 56

True or False: A birdsmouth is the notch made in a rafter to fit over the outside wall's top plate

Answer 56

True

Question 57

True or False: When a timber roof is braced using plywood sheathing, purlins can be slightly reduced in size

Answer 57

False