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IRM > L03 - Gas Laws and VE > Flashcards

L03 - Gas Laws and VE Flashcards

1
Q

What are some non-respiratory lung functions?

A
  • Defensive
  • Metabolic
  • Endocrine
  • Haemotologic
  • Immunologic
  • Thermoreg
  • Water-elim
  • Phonation
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2
Q

What is the metabolic rate?

A

How much O2 we consume and how much CO2 we produce at any one moment (it varies)

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3
Q

Formula for RQ?

A

RQ = VCO2/ VO2

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4
Q

What is the RQ value is only carbohydrate is metabolised?

A

RQ = 1.0

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5
Q

What is the RQ value if only protein is metabolised?

A

RQ = 0.81

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6
Q

What is the RQ value if only fat is metabolised?

A

RQ = 0.7

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7
Q

What is a typical RQ value for a mixed diet?

A

RQ = 0.8

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8
Q

Definition of barometric pressure (PB)

A

The pressure exerted by the weight of gas molecules in the atmosphere above the point of measurement

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9
Q

Definition of dead space?

A

The volume of gas within the resp system in which gas exchange does not occur

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10
Q

Formula for physiological dead space?

A

Physiological dead space = anatomic + alveolar dead space

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11
Q

What are the factors affecting anatomic dead space? (VD)

A
  • The size of the subject; the larger the person, the larger the anatomical dead space
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12
Q

What are the factors affecting alveolar dead space?

A
  • Too small to be measurable in normals

Increased significantly in certain lung diseases (due to under-perfusion of affected alveoli)

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13
Q

What do we use to measure the metabolic rate?

A 
Oxygen consumption (V^.O2) - Flow of oxygen with time (ml/ min) 
- The dot added to the top of the V is a time derivative therefore flow of oxygen with time
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14
Q

What is the basal metabolic rate?

A

The volume of oxygen required when at rest

‘number of calories required to keep body functioning at rest’

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15
Q

What is the approx value of a human’s basal metabolic rate?

A

250ml/O2/min

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16
Q

What is the daily average of oxygen consumption for humans?

A

1000ml/O2/min

17
Q

What is the respiratory quotient (RQ)

A
  • Steady state conditions

- Depends only on the type of food being metabolised

18
Q

At which generation does the trachea split into the right and left primary bronchi?

A

Generation 1

19
Q

How many generations of airways are there?

A

23 generations

20
Q

Which generations make up the conducting zone ?

A

The first 16 generations

21
Q

What is different about the airways in the conducting zone?

A

They do not allow for gaseous exchange to occur on their surfaces (too thick)

22
Q

Which generations make up the transitional and respiratory zone?

A

Generations 17-23

23
Q

Why can the airways in the transitional zone allow for gaseous exchange but the airways in the conducting zone cannot?

A

The airways in the transitional zone are thinner than the airways in conducting zone

24
Q

What are the airways in the transitional zone?

A
  • Respiratory bronchioles
  • Alveolar ducts
  • Alveolar sacs
25
Q

What are the airways in the conducting zone?

A
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Terminal bronchioles
26
Q

What type of gas transfer occurs in the conducting zone, and what is the difference between the [O2] and [ CO2]

A

Convection

[O2] and [CO2] varies a lot

27
Q

What type of gas transfer occurs in the transitional zone, and what is the difference between the [O2] and [ CO2]

A

Diffusion

[O2] and [CO2] varies little

28
Q

Why is the cross sectional area of alveolar sacs greater than the trachea despite a smaller diameter?

A

The cross sectional area increases as the generations increase due to the significant increasing number of airway types (despite decreasing diameter)

29
Q

Approx volume of chest

A

6L

30
Q

8,400,000 alveolar sacs give rise to

A

300 million alveoli with area of 50-100m^2

31
Q

What is the relationship between airway generation and area?

A

Exponential increase at generation 17

32
Q

What happens to gas speed from the air through the trachea into the alveoli and why?

A

Gas speed will decrease

  • Decrease because as the area increases down the generations, the flow of gas will be increasingly spread across more airways.
  • Using the equation, gas flow must stay constant, therefore gas speed decreases to make up for the increase in area
33
Q

What is the equation for flow of gas (relating to area and speed of gas)

A

V^. (ml/sec OR cm^3/ sec) = u (cm/sec) x A (cm^2)

34
Q

Why is the gas speed beyond generation 17 determined by diffusion and no longer convection?

A

Beyond gen 17, u is down to speed of molecular diffusion, therefore will not move any faster than diffusion

IRM (21 decks)

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