(L)- Pseudoscientific

Question 1

What has Freud psychosexual stages and psychodynamic explanations have been criticised as?

Answer 1

Freud’s psychosexual stages and his psychodynamic explanations have been criticised as pseudo-scientific. His concepts such as the unconscious and the id,ego and superego cannot be falsified through scientific testing as there is little empirical evidence that can be collated through tests.

Question 2

What else has Freud been criticised for (case studies)

Answer 2

Freud has also been criticised for his use of case studies of individual patients as evidence for his theories (e.g Little Hans) which are highly subjective and cannot be generalised, questioning the validity of the theories.

Question 3

What does this mean about his theories related to gender identity?

Answer 3

This means that his theories related to gender identity are not based on sound scientific evidence.