L - Cranial Nerves

Question 1

Which cranial nerves originate from the forebrain?

Which cranial nerves originate from the brain stem?

Answer 1

I and II

III - XII

Question 2

What are the special sensory modalities?

Answer 2

balance, hearing, visual, olfactory, gustatory

Question 3

Which CN does special sensory for smelling?

Answer 3

CNI - Olfactory

made up of many olfactory receptors neurons

Question 4

How does signal for the olfactory nerve travel?

Answer 4

It travels from the olfactory nerve, through the cribiform plate of the nasal cavities and then that coalesces with the nasal cavity

Question 5

Which CN does special sensory for visual?

Answer 5

CNII - Optic nerve

Question 6

How does signal for optic nerve travel?

Answer 6

Signal from sclera to optic chiasm, from the axons of ganglion cell layer of retina

Question 7

proprioception

Answer 7

where limbs are in space

somatic sensory

Question 8

conus medularis is….

cauda equina is….

Answer 8

…terminal end of the spinal cord proper

…spinal nerves that continue down even after spinal cord proper ends

Question 9

dura mater is ________ while arachnoid mater is _________ while pia mater is ___________

Answer 9

dura - tough covering
arachnoid- thin meshwork membrane below dura
pia - thin membrane that adheres to spinal cord

Question 10

gray matter -
white matter -
myelin sheath gives off color in _______

Answer 10

gray - nerve cell bodies
white - tracts of neuronal axons
white matter

Question 11

sensory modalities

Answer 11

travel through pseudounipolar neurons with no synapsing in dorsal root ganglion;
they are single neuron connections between target tissue and spinal cord

Question 12

organization of spinal nerves

Answer 12

rootlets fuse –> roots which fuse –> spinal nerve, which separate into –> anterior and posterior rami

Question 13

Dorsal roots carry \_\_\_\_\_
ventral roots carry \_\_\_\_\_
posterior rami carry \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
anterior rami carry \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
spinal nerves carry \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 13

dorsal root - ONLY sensory
central root - ONLY motor
posterior rami and anterior rami carry both visceral and somatic motor and sensory info
spinal nerves carry everything too

Question 14

organization of brachial plexus

Answer 14

roots –> trunks–> divisions –> cords –> branches–> terminal nerves

Question 15

upper brachial plexus injury

lower brachial plexus injury

Answer 15

Erb’s palsy:

Question 16

Which nerves does movement of the eye?

Answer 16

Oculomotor - CNIII
Trochlear - CN IV
Abducens - CNVI

Question 17

Branches of the oculomotor nerve and their function

What kinds of muscles are these?

Answer 17

Lateral palpabrae superioris-
Superior rectus, middle rectus, medial rectus
——-

These are extrinsic muscles with sympathetic innervation

Question 18

oculomotor nerve gives parasympathetic innervation to these muscles and functions of the muscles

Answer 18

Sphincter pupillae- pupil constriction
Ciliary muscle - adjust lens/light for accommodation
Both are parasympathetic ??

Question 19

CN IV Muscle and function

Answer 19

Superior oblique - moves eyes downward and out

Question 20

CN VI - muscle and action

Answer 20

Lateral sulcus - moves eyes outward