L 8 - 10 - 11

Question 1

define the perfect argument

Answer 1

• meet appropriate logical norm ( validity or inductive force)
• convince someone previously neutral
• by using fully rational means

Question 2

what are fallacies?

Answer 2

imperfect arguments

Question 3

list 3 types of fallacies

Answer 3

logical functional and rhetorical

Question 4

what is a logical fallacy

Answer 4

a fallacy that doesn’t meet the logical norm of validity or inductive force

Question 5

give examples of a logical fallacy that doesn’t meet inductive force

Answer 5

gambler fallacy, base rate fallacy

Question 6

what is a functional fallacy?

Answer 6

• meet appropriate logical norm

- ought not to convince Somme previously neutral

Question 7

give 2 examples of functional fallacies

Answer 7

fallacy of circularity (begging the question) or fallacy of false alternative

Question 8

what is circularity

Answer 8

uses the premise as a proof to support the conclusion

Question 9

what is false alternative

Answer 9

seem to be instances of principle of bivalence (P or not-P) but aren’t

Question 10

what are rhetorical fallacies?

Answer 10

arguments involving rhetorical language (pejorative terms, jargons) or appeals to…

Question 11

are rhetorical fallacies valid?

Answer 11

no

Question 12

can rhetorical fallacies have inductive force?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

list rhetorical fallacies (9)

Answer 13

• ad hominem
• appeal to authority
• poisoning the well
• undermining from within
• fallacy of false cause
• appealing to force
• fallacies of division and composition
• genetic fallacies
• fallacy of analogy (slippery slope)

Question 14

what is an ad hominem fallacy

Answer 14

attack the person instead of the argument

Question 15

explain appeal to authority

Answer 15

the conclusion should be believed because an authority said so

Question 16

what to consider to. find inductive force in appeal to authority

Answer 16

• is this a matter where there can be authority or expertise

- is the authority qualified in this subject matter?

Question 17

explain poisoning the well

Answer 17

urge that the conclusion should not be believed because suggested by someone that isn’t an expert in the subject matter

Question 18

explain undermining from within

Answer 18

a view is hod false because is inconsistent with something else believed
(shouldn’t mean IS false, but should be held as false if we believe in something that is inconsistent with it)

Question 19

explain the fallacy of false cause

Answer 19

is the constant conjunction necessary or sufficient for causation ? if not then is accidentally true

Question 20

explain appeal to force

Answer 20

confusing what you ought veto believe with what you ought to do

Question 21

explain fallacy of division

Answer 21

complex group G has property P

c) elements of G have property P

Question 22

explain fallacy of composition

Answer 22

elements of G have property P

C) complex group G has property P

Question 23

what are the 2 types of genetic fallacies

Answer 23

prospective e retrospective

Question 24

explain prospective genetic fallacy

Answer 24

X because Y
X hah property P
C) Y has property P

Question 25

explain retrospective genetic fallacy

Answer 25

X came from Y Y had property P C) X has property P

Question 26

explain fallacies of analogy

Answer 26

type T1 things and T2 both have properties A, B, C.. T1 have additional property Z C)T2 have additional property Z

Question 27

explain slippery slope

Answer 27

``` if you maintain P1 you're committed to maintain P2 P3 P(n) you are not prepared to maintain P(n) C) you're not entitled to maintain P1 ```