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Trimester 3 > L 6 Institutions at different levels > Flashcards

L 6 Institutions at different levels Flashcards

1
Q

Which institutional layers are there?

A 
Individual behavior
group institutions
organizational institutions
industry institutions
national institutions
supranational institutions
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2
Q

Institutional spheres

A

fields of power influence the creation, maintenance and adaptation of institutions

institutional spheres shape and influence national institutions

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3
Q

Institutional drivers

A 
three powers (state, market, civil society)
--> influence how institutions are created
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4
Q

Coordination of the three powers

A

state = corrective
market = competitive
civil society = cooperative

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5
Q

Weaknesses of the three powers

A

state = bureaucratic
market = imperfect markets
civil society = fragmented

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6
Q

Financing of the three powers

A

State = Taxis, tariffs
Market = stocks, loans, profits
Civil society = donations, services

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7
Q

The institutional logics of the institutional spheres

A

State = Iron hand
Market = Invisible hand
Civil Society = Intangible hand

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8
Q

Iron hand

A

are the rules that result from rationalization and regulation of human activities

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9
Q

Invisible hand

A

rules that result from free market of supply and demand

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10
Q

intangible hand

A

are the rules that result from respect and esteem for, connectedness with, and loyalty to the group

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11
Q

esteem

A

Wertschätzung

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12
Q

commons

A

goods that are accessible to everyone

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13
Q

tragedy of the commons

A

theory that states people use commons for their own interests with negligible negative effect per person. Every additional unit used directly harms others who can no longer enjoy the benefit

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14
Q

Solution to the tragedy of the commons

A

Iron hand: government sets a limit to commons available

Invisible hand: privatization by converting common goods into private property, which gives the new owner an incentive to enforce its sustainability

Intangible hand: people cooperate to conserve the resource in the name of mutual benefit (Elinor Ostrom’s principles: commons often do not end up in tragedy because the intangible hand works well)

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15
Q

Liberal model on (power distribution among institutional spheres)

A 
US & Anglo-Saxon countries
Large market sphere and small state
little overlap btw. spheres
few state-owned enterprises
more individualistic culture
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16
Q

Business-statist model

A

China, East Asia

small civil society
close cooperation btw. market and state
collectivist cultures (communism)
long-term orientation

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17
Q

Corporatist model/ stakeholder/ polder model

A

Continental Europe
relationship btw. all three spheres
medium-term orientation

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18
Q

The polder model

A

consensus model where deliberation takes place before making decisions; recognition of plurality (sub-groups have different views)

in the Social Economic Council there are members of the government, employees and and employers.

wages and working conditions were negotiated

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19
Q

deliberation

A

(öffentliche Beratschlagung)

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20
Q

regulative institution of the polder

A

Collective Labor Agreements

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21
Q

formalized institutional bodies

A

Social Economic Council

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22
Q

What made Netherlands the sick man of Europe?

A

exploitation of natural resources led to a collapse of the guided wage policies
also paradox of plenty, dutch disease

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23
Q

Supranational instituions

A

formal and informal rules btw. countries

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24
Q

mercantilism

A

theory suggesting that a nation’s prosperity depends on a positive trade balance and thus control though the iron hand. (nationalism, protectionalism)
can be referred to the beggar-thy-neighbor policy

argued that:

  • global volume of trade is set and unchangeable
  • prosperity of a nation depends on the supply of capital
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25
Q

beggar-thy-neighbor policy

A

benefits of one country are at the expense of others. The only way to get wealthier is by stealing from your neighbors

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26
Q

Hegemony Stability Theory

A

theory that for international trade and financial systems to run smoothly, there must be hegemony

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27
Q

bottom-up on levels of institutions

A

institutional work = create or lobby for new institution…

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28
Q

top-down on levels of insitutions

A

higher level institutions shape the institutions at lower level and constrain the institutional bandwidth of them.

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29
Q

What does the civil society include?

A

The family and private sphere

30
Q

religious/autocratic model

A

small market sphere and strong overlap btw. state and civil society

e.g. islamic countries

31
Q

institutional faultlines

A

divisions btw. different groups of people within a nation

e.g. caste system or the Zuilen in Netherlands

32
Q

Regulatory supranational insitutions

A

formal trade agreements = treaties

33
Q

normative supranational insitutions

A

informal peer pressure among G20 leaders

34
Q

zuilen = pillars

A

Ideologically isolated groups; a kind of mini-societies within the Netherlands with their own unions, media,
football clubs etc.

institutional fault lines were between the zuilen

35
Q

1944 Bretton Woods

A

International framework for international economic cooperation after war

  • IMF
  • World Bank
  • GATTs
36
Q

GATTs

A

General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade

37
Q

What is Cultural convergence?

A

is related to cognitive supranational institutions. Cultural convergence is about the increasingly similar cognitive institutions in various aspects of work-related attitudes and values, consumption patterns, strategic decisions etc.

38
Q

Where does cultural convergence occur?

A

It happens to less than 10% of the world’s population, mostly in western nations and elite non-western countries.

39
Q

What does the article “The Clash of Civilizations” say about cultural convergence?

A

convergence may occur within civilizations, among kin-countries.
Regionalization is when kin countries become more alike when fault lines become sharper across civilizations.

Cultural divergence between civilizations occur through convergence.

40
Q

Level of integration

  1. Level
A

Free trade

41
Q

Level of integration

  1. Level
A

Customs Union

42
Q

Level of integration

  1. Level
A

Common Market

43
Q

Level of integration

  1. Level
A

Economic Union

44
Q

Level of integration

  1. Level
A

Political Union

45
Q

Customs Union

A

common external tariffs

46
Q

common market

A

free trade area with also relative free movement of capital and services

47
Q

Economic Union

A

Common currency, harmonized tax rates, common monetary and fiscal policy

e.g. EU

48
Q

European Commission

A

Executive arm of the EU;

independent of national interests

49
Q

European Council

A

heads of states

defines the European Union’s overall political direction and priorities.

50
Q

European parliament

A

elected by the European citizens directly

exercise legislative and budgetary functions

51
Q

Court of justice

A

responsible for interpreting EU law and treaties

52
Q

Council of the EU

A

EU decision maker

It negotiates and adopts legislative acts in most cases together with the European Parliament through the ordinary legislative procedure, also known as ‘codecision’.

53
Q

kin-country syndrome

A

culturally similar countries rally together against countries with dissimilar cultures

54
Q

torn countries

A

countries with many people from different civilizations

55
Q

Challenges of the EU

A
  • prevent more potential departures
  • deal with populism, nationalism and racism
  • face the causes of sluggish growth
56
Q

What creates core competencies (CC’s) at company level?

A

formal guidelines and informal routines

57
Q

What are core competencies?

A

points of strength of a firm that give it a competitive advantage

58
Q

What can core competencies also be?

A

they can also be core rigidities

59
Q

What are core rigidities?

A

ways of working in a firm that become ingrained and hard to change. This is bad when you can’t react to your environment anymore

60
Q

What is institutional bandwidth?

A

How much institutions can vary at a certain institutional level. At lower levels there is a low institutional bandwidth.

(supranational institutions like the EU regulate many laws on food standards and thus institutions vary a lot. –> high institutional bandwidth.)

61
Q

nepotism

A

family members are favored even if they aren’t capable

62
Q

How do fault lines btw. civilizations occur?

A

Due to different social , economic and ideological policies.

63
Q

Will fault lines sharpen when civilizations converge?

A

Yes. This is called civilization consciousness.

64
Q

What reasons contribute to civilization consciousness?

A
  • Cross-civilization interactions lead to crystallizing cultural divergence
  • reviving religious consciousness that underpins difference btw. civilizations
  • polarizing feelings btw. west and rest. Due to the kin-country syndrome.
  • Torn countries where there are many cultures within the country that find it hard to find kin country allies.
  • increasing economic regionalization (agreements are only for certain regions)
65
Q

kin-country syndrome

A

culturally similar countries rally together vs. dissimilar countries.

66
Q

institutional convergence

A

where institutions become similar due to EU regulation

67
Q

What happens to kin countries when fault lines become sharper across civilizations?

A

regionalization. Kin countries become more alike.

68
Q

Overlap in the liberal model?

A

Btw. Market and Civil Society

69
Q

overlap in business-statist model?

A

btw. market and state.

small civil society.

East Asia

70
Q

Corporatist model overlap?

A

Overlap btw. State, Market and Civil Society

Trimester 3 (24 decks)

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