L: 23 Allergy Flashcards
Allergen
Environmental Ag
Allergy
Reaction to environmental Ag by acquired immune response
Mast cell and esinophils
Th2 response and IL-4, IL-5, & IL-3 key elements
Allergic disease are all associated with what?
Generation of IgE
IgE specific response only elicit in who?
Genetically Susceptible people
Allergens are a diverse group of?
Proteins and Glycoproteins
Indoor allergens usually associated with what?
Asthma
Allergens activate?
PRRs (pattern recognition receptors)
Factors favoring Th1 and protected immunity
Older siblings
Early exposure to daycare
TB, measles, Hep A
Rural environment
Factors favoring Th2 and allergic disease
Widespread use of antibiotics Western lifestyle Urban environment Diet Sensitization to dust mites and cockroachesne Atopy
Define Atopy
Presence of type 1 hypersensitivity reactions to allergens
Strong heritability
Atopy risk %
75% 2 parents
50% 1 parent
15% no atopic parent
Genes known to be involved in allergic disease?
*Bchain of the high affinity receptor for IgE
*IL-4
HLA-DR
*CD14
What factor has a huge role in allergy
Environmental
High_____in cord blood of infants predicts future development of atopy
IgE
What are the key elements to an allergy response
Th2 type response
IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 key elements
Today what immune mechanism is being studied the most in regards to allergic disease
Innate immune mechanism
Allergens activate an innate immune response by
Intrinsic enzymatic activity
Activation of pattern-recognition receptors (PPR)
What are aeroallergens and examples
Airborne protein and glycoproteins Pollenating trees/grass mold spores animal dander particulate secretions of mites and cockroaches
Indoor allergens are associated with?
Outdoor?
Indoor- asthma
Outdoor- Rhinitis
what is an important property of allergens for crossing the skin/mucosal barriers
Protease activity
The polymorphism of what genes are thought to be involved in inheritance
ßchain for high affinity receptor for IgE
IL-4 gene
HLA-DR alleles
CD14
Hygiene hypothesis shifts from ____ to ____ types of immunity
with a decrease number of _____ cells
Th1 to Th2
Treg
Infections in childhood causing _____ response (Virus and intracellular bacteria) can restore the ________
Th1
Th1/2 balance
Increased number of T reg cells after an infection can limit the development of
Allergies
Allergen immunotherapy
Desensitization indicated for disorders of IgE hypersensitivity.
Sub-Q injections of increasing doses.
Cytokines:
Production of IgE
IL-4, IL-13
Cytokines
Dev/accumulation of eosinophils and basophils
IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
Cytokines
Development of mast cells
Il-4, IL-13
Cytokine
Airway hyperresponsivness
IL-13
Overproduction of mucus
IL-4, IL-13
