L-17 Flashcards
What are the two main types of transmitted information?
- Somatic
- Autonomic
What is somatic efferent information?
Voluntary muscle movement and control
What is somatic afferent information?
Sensory information we are aware of ( eyesight)
What is autonomic efferent information?
Involuntary muscle control ( heartbeat)
What is autonomic afferent information?
Sensory information we are unaware of ( blood pressure)
How many neurons are involved in the somatic efferent division of the nervous system?
2
- upper motor neuron
- lower motor neuron
Where is the cell body and axon of the upper motor neuron?
- cell body in brain
- axon in spinal chord
Where is the cell body and axon of the lower motor neuron?
- cell body in spinal chord
- axon in spinal nerve (PNS)
where do the upper and lower motor neurons synapse and what neurotransmitter do they use?
- Ventral horn of spinal chord
- ACh
Which axons is the somatic efferent division of the nervous system are myelinated
Both of them
What neurotransmitter is used in the synapse between the lower motor neuron and the muscle fibre?
ACh
What is the effector of the somatic efferent division of the nervous system?
Muscle fibre
What are the two subdivisions of the autonomic efferent nervous system?
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
How many neurons are between the brain and the effector in the autonomic efferent nervous system?
3
Where is the cell body and axon of neuron 1 in the autonomic efferent nervous system?
- cell body in brain
- axon in brain/ CNS
Where is the cell body and axon of neuron 2 of the sympathetic nervous system?
- cell body in brain/ CNS
- short axon in CNS that extends into PNS
Where is the cell body and axon of neuron 3 of the sympathetic nervous system?
- Cell body in PNS
- Long axon in PNS
Which axons are myelinated in the autonomic efferent nervous system?
1 +2
What are the potential effectors in the autonomic efferent nervous system (4)
- smooth muscle
- cardiac muscle
- glands
- adipose ( fat) tissue
What is the purpose of the sympathetic efferent nervous system
Prepare the body for acute/ stress responses (fight or flight)
What effects can occur from stimulation of the sympathetic efferent nervous system (6)
- increased heart rate
- constricting blood vessels
- increased gastric motility
- increased salivation
- increased pupil size
- increased sweating
Where do neurons 1 + 2 synapse in the autonomic efferent nervous system and what neurotransmitter do they use?
- CNS
- ACh
Where do neurons 2+ 3 synapse in the sympathetic efferent nervous system and what neurotransmitter do they use?
- Sympathetic ganglion
- ACh
What neurotransmitter is used in the synapse between Neuron 3 and the effector in the sympathetic efferent nervous system?
- NE
Where is the cell body and axon of neuron 2 in the parasympathetic efferent nervous system?
- cell body in CNS
- long axon extends into PNS
Where is the cell body and axon of neuron 3 in the parasympathetic efferent nervous system?
- Cell body in PNS close to effectors
- short axon in PNS
Where do neurons 2+3 synapse in the parasympathetic efferent nervous system ad what neurotransmitter do they use?
Parasympathetic ganglion and ACh
What neurotransmitter is used in the synapse between neuron 3 and the effector in the parasympathetic efferent nervous system?
ACh
What is the purpose of the parasympathetic efferent nervous system?
To prepare the body for restful situations ( rest + digest)
What are the effects of stimulation to the parasympathetic efferent nervous system? (4)
- decreased heart rate
- decreased gastric motility
- decreased pupil size
- decreased salivation
What is the sympathetic chain ganglia?
21-23 pairs of ganglia on either side of the vertebral column where neuron 2 axons synapse onto neuron 3 input zones in the sympathetic efferent nervous system
