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Hubs- Neuro > L-16 > Flashcards

L-16 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two divisions of the nervous system?

A

CNS + PNS

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2
Q

What is the CNS composed of?

A

The brain + spinal chord

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3
Q

What is the PNS composed of?

A

The peripheral nerves and ganglia

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4
Q

What are the two broad cell types of the nervous system?

A

Neurons and glia

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5
Q

What are the 4 main structural components of the Neuron?

A
  • Dendrites
  • Cell body
  • Axon
  • Axon Terminals
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6
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Recieves information and sends to cell body

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7
Q

What is the function of the cell body?

A

Contains the nucleus + organelles and sums input information

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8
Q

What is the function of the axon?

A

Carries action potentials

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9
Q

What is the function of the Axon terminals?

A

Release the neurotransmitter in a synapse to communicate with other neurons

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10
Q

What are the 4 Morphological types of neurons?

A
  • Unipolar
  • Bipolar
  • Multipolar
  • Anaxonic
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11
Q

What makes a neuron unipolar?

A

Cell body lies to the side of main axon ( most PNS sensory neurons are unipolar)

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12
Q

What makes a neuron bipolar?

A

Two distinct processes branching off cell body ( one dendritic and one axonic)

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13
Q

What makes a neuron Multipolar?

A

Multiple dendrites branching off cell body with a singular axon (most common type found in CNS)

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14
Q

What makes a neuron anaxonic?

A

Poorly understood, located within brain and sensory organs, don’t have a clear axon

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15
Q

What is the input zone composed of and what does it do?

A
  • dendrites +cell body

- receives chemical signals

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16
Q

What is the summation zone composed of and what is its function?

A
  • Axon Hillock

- summation of inputs

17
Q

What is the conduction zone composed of and what is its function?

A
  • Axon

- Carrie’s electrical impulses

18
Q

What is the output zone composed of and what is its purpose?

A
  • Axon terminals

- release of neurotransmitter

19
Q

How many basic types of Glial cells are there? Where are they found in the nervous system?

A
  • 5
  • 4 in CNS
  • 1 in PNS
20
Q

What are the 4 types of CNS Glia called?

A
  • Astrocytes
  • Microglia
  • Ependymal cells
  • Oligodendrocytes
21
Q

What is the function of Astrocytes? (4)

A
  • Supply nutrients to neurons
  • ensheath blood capillaries
  • injury response
  • controls chemical environment around neurons
22
Q

What is the functions of Microglia? (3)

A
  • Act as immune cells of CNS
  • engulf microorganisms and debris
  • respond to injured neurons and protects them from pathogens
23
Q

What are the functions of Ependymal cells? (2)

A
  • Line fluid filled spaces of brain and spinal chord

- cilia aid in circulation of CSF

24
Q

What is the function of Oligodendrocytes?

A
  • Form myelin sheath around CNS neurons
25
Q

What is the name of PNS Glia?

A

Schwann Cells

26
Q

What is the function of Schwann Cells?

A
  • form myelin sheath for PNS axons
27
Q

What is a group of cell bodies in the CNS called?

A

Nucleus

28
Q

What is a group of axons in the CNS called?

A

A Tract

29
Q

What is a group of cell bodies in the cerebral cortex or spinal chord called?

A

Grey matter

30
Q

What is a bundle of axons in the cerebral cortex or the spinal chord called?

A

White matter

31
Q

What is a group of cell bodies in the PNS called?

A

A ganglion

32
Q

What is a bundle of axons in the PNS called?

A

A nerve

33
Q

What is a myelin sheath?

A

Lipid ( fat) wrapped around an axon that acts as an insulator and increases conduction velocity.

34
Q

What are gaps in the myelin sheath / between Schwann cells called?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

35
Q

What is a synapse?

A

The junction between neurons that allows for communication between them using neurotransmitters

36
Q

How does communication occur at a synapse ( broadly)

A

An action potential stimulates a chemical release from the axon terminals of the pre-synaptic neuron that can then bind to receptors in the dendrites of the postsynaptic neuron.

37
Q

Which direction is afferent information going?

A

Towards the brain

38
Q

Which direction is efferent information going?

A

Away from the brain

Hubs- Neuro (9 decks)

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