L 01 & 02 Anatomy and physiology of reproduction Flashcards
What Is the Primacy sex organ? what is their name?
Gonads organs, they produce (gametes) sperm and eggs
Males: Testes
Female: Ovaries
What are the different parts of Female reproductive system?
Cervix
Ovary
Fallorian tube
Uterus
Uterine fundus
Ovarian ligament
Cervical canel
Myometrium
What are the secondary sex organs for male and female?
For male: Ducts, Glands, Penis
For Female: Uterine tubes, uterus, vagina
What are the Functions of Testes ?
Sperm cells production
Developed from germ cells in seminiferous tubule
Secretion of Testosterone by Interstitial or leydig cells
The process of sperm cells production known as?
Gametogenesis
What cells secrete testosterone?
Interstitial (leydig) cells
What does Sertoli cells do?
Form blood –testis barrier
Support developing sperm cells
Produce fluid and control release of sperm into lumen
Secret inhibin which helps to slows down sperm production
What is the process of spermatogenic cell creation?
(2n stem cell)Spermatogonium=> Primary spermatocyte(2n)=> Secondary spermatocyte(n)=>Early spermatid(n)=>Late spermatid(n)=> Sperm cell
Where are the sertoli cells located?
They extend from the basement membrane to the lumen.
What is Scrotum? Function of Scrotum?
Sac of loose skin, fascia & smooth muscle divided into two pouches by a septum
Function: Protect testes &
Maintain temperature 2 degree lower than body temperature.
What is Epididymus?
Storage site of sperm cells,
It absorb 90% of the fluid secreted by the testis.
Sperm stored here for 40-60 days and are absorbed if not ejaculated prior to that time
What is semen? what are the constituents of semen?
fluid expelled during orgasm.
It is a mixture of secretions from the epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate and bulbourethral gland.
From where the mixture of secretions (semen) comes from?
Epididymis, Seminal Vesicle, Prostate, and Bulbourethral gland
What are the major constituents of Semen?
Sperm
Spermine
Fructose
Clotting and anticoagulant factors
Prostaglandins
How many sperm per ml?
50 to 120 million per ml
Spermatozon structure and what are the function of those different parts work?
3 main parts Head, Midpiece and Tail
It has following parts
I)Acrosome: Enzymes are used to dissolve a path to penetrate the egg
II) Nucleus: Carries the gene
III) Mitocondroa: Produce ATP for sperm motility
What is the purpose of the following semen components:
- Fructose: used as energy source for sperm
- Clotting and anticoagulant factors: Semen clots like blood, so every 15-30 minutes later, anticoagulant factors dissolve the clot.
- Prostaglandins: Stimulate peristaltic contractions of the female reproductive tract that may help to draw semen into the uterus.
- Spermine: It is a base that reduces the acidity of the female vagina, increasing the survival rate of sperm.
Quiz
Why testicles are located outside of the male body?
Because the Production of sperm best takes place at a temperature lower than body temperature
What are the 2 factors of the male sexual response? What does this allow?
- Erection of the penis, allowing penetration.
2. Ejaculation, expelling semen
What is the process of ejaculation?
I)Ejaculation is initiated by sympathetic nerve impulses.
II) The ducts and accessory glands contract, emptying their contents into the urethra.
III)The urethral sphincter constrict.
IV) The bulbospongiosus muscles of the penis contract rapidly and rhythmically, propelling semen from the urethra.