Kuder Ch.1

Question 1

speech

Answer 1

the neuromuscular act of producing sounds that are used in language

Question 2

What are the 3 terms used in describing the language production and language difficulties in children?

Answer 2

speech, language, and communication

Question 3

language

Answer 3

a rule-governed symbol system for communicating meaning through a shared code of arbitrary symbols

Question 4

True or False: Language is unique to humans.

Answer 4

true

Question 5

What are the five components of language?

Answer 5

1. true language communicates thoughts, ideas, & meanings
2. shared code used by others
3. consists of arbitrary symbols that have meaning just because we say they do
4. it is generative, given a finite set of words and rules, you can generate an infinite number of sentences
5. language is creative; words are added or dropped and some meanings are changed

Question 6

dialect

Answer 6

a verbal departure, or secondary form, of a standard primary language

Question 7

True or False: Dialects are characteristic of a particular group of speakers with their own charm.

Answer 7

true

Question 8

True or False: “Y’all” is a US southern dialect example.

Answer 8

true

Question 9

“Like, totally for sure” and “Yeah, I grew up in, like, Canoga Park, which is, um, kinda like, near, like, Woodland Hills” is an example of what dialect?

Answer 9

Valley Girl Dialect

Question 10

accent

Answer 10

a particular style of pronouncing a language

Question 11

True or False: Different regions or social groups have different accents.

Answer 11

true

Question 12

An accent of a speaker is an identity of their ____?

Answer 12

origin

Ex: ‘warsh’ Cajun Louisiana, ‘New Yawk’ NY, ‘aboot’ Canada

Question 13

In what order does a child learn and develop the four communication skills?

Answer 13

1. listening
2. speaking
3. reading
4. writing

Question 14

What percentage of communication effectiveness are non-verbal cues (body language)?

Answer 14

55%

Question 15

True or False: Words make up 37% of communication effectiveness, while tone of voice only contributes 8%.

Answer 15

False. A person’s tone of voice contributes 37%. Words play only an 8% role, meaning that WHAT you say is not as important as HOW you say it.

Question 16

L1 (language label)

Answer 16

a person’s first or initial language heard and spoken by an individual

Question 17

L2 (language label)

Answer 17

a person whose second language is being learned after experience with a previous L1; can be formally learned in school or informally by traveling, etc.

Question 18

True or False: A person’s L2 is often referred to as their “home language.”

Answer 18

False. It is a person’s L1 that is their “home language.”

Question 19

What are the four types of language proficiency?

Answer 19

1. High L1, High L2 (true bilingual)
2. High L1, Low L2
3. Low L1, High L2
4. Low L1, Low L2

Question 20

True or False: Low L1, High L2 is typical of a 2nd language learner.

Answer 20

False. High L1, Low L2 is typical.

Question 21

Which of the 4 types of language proficiencies is related to a learning/speech disability or overall low performance?

Answer 21

Type 4 - Low L1, Low L2

Question 22

What are the four factors affecting language skills?

Answer 22

1. language
2. parents/caregivers
3. instruction
4. community factors

Question 23

communication

Answer 23

the process participants use to exchange information, ideas, means, and desires

Question 24

four elements of communication

Answer 24

1. sender of the message
2. receiver of the message
3. shared intent to communicate
4. shared means of communication

Question 25

How does language affect language skills?

Answer 25

current language used at home, L1, informal experiences in L1 & L2, fluency in L1 & L2, birth order/sibling influence

Question 26

How do parents/caregivers affect language skills?

Answer 26

parent's fluency in L1 & L2, level of literacy in L1 & L2, level of articulation, level of education, socio-economic status, ability to support.assist in language of instruction

Question 27

How does instruction affect language skills?

Answer 27

1. teacher-student relationship, attendance, experiences, relationship between L1 and language of instruction at school, years and quality of instruction in L1 & L2, cultural relevance of curriculum, amount of peer socialization 2. teaching strategies, attitudes, & expectations

Question 28

How do community factors affect language skills?

Answer 28

1. community- demographic diversity, parent's position, attitude towards student's culture/language, number of agencies for language assistance 2. relationship between parent, student, culture, and community 3. opportunity/support for primary language