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Henry Viii > Kt2 > Flashcards

Kt2 Flashcards

1
Q

1531

A

Cromwell becomes henrys chief minister & plans the reformation

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2
Q

When was cromwell made chief minister

A

1531

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3
Q

1532

A

The clergy accepted the king as their lawmaker and anne boleyn falls pregnant

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4
Q

When did anne boleyn girst fall pregnant

A

1532 for her child ( elizabeth ) to be legitimate henry had to divorce cathrine and marry anne before she gave birth

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5
Q

1533

A

Henry marries anne boleyn

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6
Q

When does henry marry anne boleyn

A

1533 - before daughter Elizabeth born

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7
Q

1534

A

Act of supremacy - made henry head of the Church of England- all monks and nuns had to take an oath accepting henry as the head of church

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8
Q

1535

A

John fisher ( bishop of rochester) and thomas more ( lord chancellor) executed for not recognising henry as head of church

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9
Q

1536

A
  • Parliament passed an act for dissolution of lesser monasteries
  • anne Boleyn executed and seymor married
  • pilgrimage of grace
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10
Q

When was boleyn executed and seymore married

A

1536

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11
Q

When sid parliament pass an act for the dissolution of lesser monasteries

A

1536

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12
Q

Pilgrimage of grace

A

1536 widespread rebellion in the north against the dissolution of the monasteries after seeming to make concessions henry had the leaders executed

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13
Q

1537

A

Bitg of edward death of seymore

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14
Q

1539

A

Dissolution of larger monasteries

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15
Q

1540

A

Marriage to anne of cleves

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16
Q

1503

A

Cromwell travels and works in Europe mainly in italy

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17
Q

1514

A

Cromwell returns to england and became a successful merchant and lawyer in london

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18
Q

1519

A

Cromwell became a member of wolseys council and was a trusted advisor

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19
Q

1531

A

Wolsey became a member of the privy council

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20
Q

How did wolsey become a protestant

A

Having traveled and lived in europe 1503-14 cromwell became increasingly influenced by protestant ideas which shaped hiss thinking ( on the annulment church and monasteries)

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21
Q

How did cromwells personal appeal help him rise to power

A
  • loyalty- cromwell remained loyal to wolsey defendisng him in parliament and even in audiences with the king this impressed henry who promoted him expecting the same treatment
  • ruthlessness - ment the king was prepared to rely on him to manage violent and controversial acts this helped build his relationship with the king and also discouraged his rivals from challenging his power
  • wit and charm
22
Q

1534

A

Cromwell became chief minister

23
Q

What lead to cromwell changing tactics for the annulment

A

He realised pope clement vii was not willing to grant the annulment out of fear of charles v

24
Q

When and how did henry marry anne boleyn

A

In January 1533 they were secretly married by archbishop cranmer as boleyn was already pregnant and the child needed to be legitimate

25
Q

Act in restraint of appeals

A

March 1533 asserted that england was an empire and was not subject to foreign rule so henry was now head of the church and could annul

26
Q

The divorce hearing

A

May 1533 led by archbishop cranmer the court found that the papal dispensation was invalid so henry and catherine were never legally married and his marriage to boleyn was valid as he was a bachelor at the time

27
Q

Boleyn gives birth (1533)

A

September 1533 - anne gave birth to elizabeth and was crowned queen

28
Q

How fid anne fall from power

A
  • In 1536 cromwell lead an investigation into boleyn and found her guilty of adultery with smeaton ( a court musician) , sir weston and even her own brother george boleyn
  • she was found guilty her marriage was annulled and she was executed in may
29
Q

Cromwells role in annes fall

A
  • some argue he deliberately conspired to bring her down as
  • he was aware of her role in Wolseys fall and didn’t want the same fate
  • they had differences in opinion on foreign policy and how the money from the dissolution should be spent
  • cromwell personally built the case against boleyn interviewing and torturing witnesses and even using spies in her bedchamber to unearth any evidence of adultery which je used to prove her guilt to henry and the court
30
Q

Why is it unlikely cromwell played a role in boleyns fall

A

They had much in common and he was likely following henrys orders to get rid of her in building his case

31
Q

Why did anne fall from power

A
  • by January 1536 she had 2 miscarriages one of which the foetus was thought to be deformed convincing many she was a witch (+disappointed abt elizabeth)
  • early 1536 henry had become infatuated with jane seymore and saw her as his queen not his mistress while becoming increasingly exasperated with anne with her assertive personality and flirtatious behaviour in court potentially becoming an embarrassment
  • anne had strong opinions about foreign policy and religion this was not considered seemly at the time and irritated henry
  • role of cromwell
32
Q

Why were the claims against boleyn likely false

A
  • only smeaton admitted to having an affair and his confession is unreliable as he was almost certainly tortured
33
Q

What roles did henry grant wolsey after his successful annulment

A
  • lord of the privy seal 1536 - unlimited access to henrys documents
  • vicar general 1535 - power to institute church reforms
  • in charge of henrys finances and household
34
Q

When did henry marry jane

A

May 1536 - 11days after the execution of boleyn

35
Q

Why did henry need to marry seymour as soon as possible

A

There was no longer an heir to the throne as princess mary and elizabeth had both been declared illegitimate and henry fitzroy had died

36
Q

Why did the act of succession not help with Henrys heir dilemma

A

His illegitimate son henry fitzroy had died shortly after the act was passed the act allowed henry to appoint any successor so ge could have chosen fitzroy were he alive

37
Q

The fall of jane seymour and its effect

A
  • gave birth to male heir edward October 12th 1537
  • seymour died 2 weeks after giving birth henry went into a state of mourning and refused to marry fir another 2 years
38
Q

Why was the birth of edward so significant

A
  • Strengthened the succesion as there was a legitimate male heir for the throne
  • also strengthened henrys authority as it suggested god had blessed henry with a son implying his marriage to seymour and the events that preceded it were acceptable to god
39
Q

How did cromwell cgange tre royal council

A
  • argued the royal council was too big as it had up to 100 members
  • replaced it with privy council made up of 20 permanent advisors
  • the council was increasingly composed of lawyers and professional administrators rather than noblemen
  • Cromwell hoped this would stop one person dominating as they all had equal status
  • also appointed a clerk to record decisions
40
Q

Cromwells financial reforms

A
  • traditionally the kings chamber was used to record invome and expendature however he feared it wouldn’t be abke yo cope with the increase of income from dissolution
  • so he created six departments for dealt with kings typical income and two dealt with the increase from the dissolution
  • the court of augmentations - dealt with property snd invome from dissolution
  • court of first fruits and tenths - collected tax from the clergy previously sent to the pope
  • they were run by well trained officials who were monitored by others
41
Q

Cromwells reforms to the council of the north

A
  • council had existed since the late 15th century and consisted of nobility and churchmen and aimed to improve how the north was governed
  • Cromwell nade it a permanent institution 1537 responsible for maintaining law and order in the north
  • preventing rebellion and ensuring government authority was maintained
42
Q

How was parliament before cromwell

A
  • didn’t meet often
  • limited role in decision making and only consulted on issues of taxation
  • decisions and laws were made by royal proclamation
43
Q

Cromwells parliamentary reforms

A
  • parliament was at the center of government it gad tge legislative power and could pass laws on all aspects of daily life
  • parliament could not be ignored and gad to be consulted on all major laws
  • laws passed with approval of both houses and the king
44
Q

Why waa henrys marriage with anne of cleves needed

A
  • by 1539 there was a real threat of a catholic crusade against England by francis I and charles v and thix marriage would provide a valuable european ally
  • henry still only had one male heir
  • cleves had also btoken from rome so showed henry had no intention of backing out on reformation
45
Q

Henrys marriage to anne of cleves

A
  • saw a painting of her by hans holbein
  • saw her in person and called her flanders mare
  • and shouted ‘ i like her not’x2
  • despite being postponed the marriage went ahead janurary 1540
46
Q

Henrys divorce with anne of cleves

A
  • by summer of 1540 the threat of invasion from france and holy roman empire had declined
  • henry became infatuated with catherine howard one of the queens ladys in waiting
  • marriage was annulled on grounds of non consumation after just 4 months
  • she was granted estates from the king and known as the king’s sister
47
Q

When was Cromwell executed

A

July 1540 for treason

48
Q

Why did Cromwell fall

A
  • henry blamed him for cleves - unlikely as in april 1540 he was titled earl of essex
  • he was hated by french catholics especially francis I who saw him as a heretic so killing him would lead yo improved relations with france
  • he had many enemies in court and the church who resented the dissolution of the monasteries and the executions of fisher and more who were happy to bite for the act of attainder
  • the duke of Norfolk hated cromwell for his Protestantism and jealous of his rise from humnle beginnings especially when he became an earl and also had ambitions to become chief minister
  • instructed his niece cathrine howard to spread rumours about cromwell being inefficient and purposely delaying their marriage to further his protestant agenda
49
Q

Henrys regret over cromwells death

A
  • in 1541 claimed ge gad been decieved by his courtiers and regretted the death of hus most faithful servant
  • its likely that ill health had made henry bad tempered and lead to him making hasty decisions
50
Q

Fall of Cromwell

A
  • arrested at s privy council meeting in june 1540 accused of treason and heresy
  • the duke of Norfolk allegedly ripped the seals of office from around cromwells neck
  • all his goods were confiscated by the state
  • Cromwell taken to Tower of London and parliament passed an act of attainder
  • executed in july same day henry married howard

Henry Viii (2 decks)

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