Ksn Flashcards
erectile tissue of
the females,
Clitoris
Pregnancy is counted in weeks, lasting 40 weeks from
the first day of your last period. So you are actually
only preparing for pregnancy during those first two
weeks, until ovulation. For two more weeks many
women do not know that they are pregnant, even
though they may be hoping that they conceived this
month.
First Trimester
the
time of your life! Not only have most
women ceased being nauseated, many
feel a burst of energy and report feeling
the best that they’ve ever felt. Because
of the changes in the first trimester
disappearing sexuality also peaks at this
time as well for the majority of couples.
Not having to be concerned with birth
control or falling asleep as soon as your
head hits the pillow opens a whole new
realm for the couple.
Second Trimester
Baby is getting bigger and loving life in the
womb. Many babies will start to settle into
a head down position, beginning as early as
the 28th week.
►About 3-4% of all babies will remain in the
breech position at the end of pregnancy.
This final trimester is really a time for
finishing touches like lung maturity and
layers of brown fat to help keep your baby
warm on the outside.
Third Trimester
is the process by which the physical and mental characteristics of parents are transferred to their offspring.
Heredity
sum of all hereditary material contained in a cell.
Genome
segment of the DNA chain that controls the formation of a molecule of RNA.
Gene
contains the hereditary information and directs reproduction of itself and the synthesis of RNA.
Dna
diffuse out of the cell nucleus and carry out the critical task of protein synthesis in ribosomes located in the cytoplasm
Rna
In 1953 they worked out that DNA is double helix like a twisted staircase.
James Watson and Francis Crick
The process of making copies of DNA
Replication
Unwinds the double helix
Helicase
Synthesizes RNA primers
Primase
Stabilizes single-stranded regions
Single strand binding protein
Synthesizes the DNA
Dna polymerase 3
Erases the primer and fills gaps
Dna polymerase
Joins the ends of DNA segments; DNA repair
Dna Ligase
carries the genetic information for a protein from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes.
mRna
translates the genetic code of the mRNA into the primary sequence of amino acids in the protein.
tRna
is a structural and functional component of the ribosomes.
rRna
process in which a gene’s DNA sequence is copied (transcribed) to make an RNA molecule.
Transcription
The process of ending transcription
Termination
The process of converting the information in a sequence of nitrogenous bases in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids that make a protein
Translation
Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
Mutations
DNA molecule that is tightly coiled around proteins called histones,
Chromosome
Changing the structure of a chromosome
The loss or gain of part of a chromosome
Chromosome Mutations
piece of a chromosome is lost
Deletion
Chromosome segment breaks off
Segment flips around backwards
Segment reattaches
Inversion
Occurs when a gene sequence is repeated
Duplication
Involves two chromosomes that are NOT homologous
Part of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosome
Translocation
Failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis
Causes gamete to have too many or too few chromosomes
Nondisjunction
also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is typically associated with physical growth delays, characteristic facial features and mild to moderate intellectual disability.
Down syndrome
condition that affects only females, results when one of the X chromosomes (sex chromosomes) is missing or partially missing. Turner syndrome can cause a variety of medical and developmental problems, including short height, failure of the ovaries to develop and heart defects.
Turner syndrome
occurs when a boy is born with one or more extra X chromosomes. Most males have one Y and one X chromosome. Having extra X chromosomes can cause a male to have some physical traits unusual for males such as weaker muscles, greater height, poor coordination, less body hair, and sterility
Klinefelter syndrome
Change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
May only involve a single nucleotide
May be due to copying errors, chemicals, viruses, etc.
Gene mutation
Change of a single nucleotide
Includes the deletion, insertion, or substitution of ONE nucleotide in a gene
Point mutation
the result of one nucleotide substitution
Sickle cell disease
Inserting or deleting one or more nucleotides
Changes the “reading frame” like changing a sentence
Proteins built incorrectly
Frameshift mutation
mutationthat exchanges one base for another
Substitution mutation
The addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence
Insertion mutation
A part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is lost during DNA replication.
Deletion mutation
