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ksafa Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of life

A
  1. Growth and Development

2.Maintain Homeostasis

  1. Reproduction
  2. Response to Environment or Stimuli
  3. Energy Processing
  4. Organized
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2
Q

It is any part of an organism’s environment that causes reaction

A

Stimulus

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3
Q

It is a common method of modification of the heat exchange for most mammals.

A

Piloerction

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4
Q

is the most common photosynthetic process and is seen in algae, cynobacteria and plants

A

Oxygenic photosynthesis

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5
Q

photosynthetic process that makes use of electron donors other than water

A

Anoxygenic Photosynthesis

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6
Q

enzymes that are retained intracellularly & function within the cell

A

Endoenzymes

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7
Q

enzymes transported extracellularly, where they break down large food molecules or harmful chemicals; cellulase, amylase, penicillinase

A

Exoenzymes

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8
Q

Control of enzyme synthesis

enzymes that are always present, always produced in equal amounts or at equal rates, regardless of amount of substrate; enzymes involved in glucose metabolism

A

Constitutive Enzymes

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9
Q

Control of enzyme synthesis

enzymes not constantly present, produced only when substrate is present, prevents cell from wasting resources
synthesis of these enzymes is induced by a metabolite

A

Induced Enzymes

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10
Q

Control of enzyme synthesis

Enzymes not produced when the end product of the pathway is present
synthesis of these enzymes is suppressed by a metabolite

A

Repressible Enzymes

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11
Q

Control of enzyme activity directly

Occurs when a substance that resembles normal substrate competes with substrate for active site

A

Competitive Inhibition

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12
Q

Control of enzyme activity directly

Characterized by a substance binding to the cofactor and distorts the shape of the active site

A

Noncompetitive Inhibition

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13
Q

Control of enzyme activity directly

Control mechanism wherein the concentration of product at the end of a pathway blocks the action of a key enzyme

A

Feedback Inhibition

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14
Q

Control of Enzyme Activity Categories

A
  • Control of enzyme activity directly
  • Control of enzyme activity by regulating enzyme synthesis
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15
Q

These are anabolic reactions to form covalent bonds between smaller substrate molecules, require ATP, release one molecule of water for each bond

A

Synthesis/condensation reactions

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16
Q

These are catabolic reactions that break down substrates into small molecules, requires the input of water

A

Hydrolysis Reactions

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17
Q

a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species.

A

Oxidation-Reduction Reaction

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18
Q

They convert one type of amino acid to another by transferring an amino group

A

Aminotransferases (or transaminases)

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19
Q

The transfer of phosphate groups, involved in energy transfer

A

Phosphorylation

Three types: Photophosphorylation, Substrate level phosphorylation, Oxidative phosphorylation

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20
Q

a model for enzyme-substrate interaction suggesting that the enzyme and the substrate possess specific complementary geometric shapes that fit exactly into one another.

A

Lock and Key Model

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21
Q

a model for enzyme–substrate interaction to describe that the substrate is capable of inducing the proper alignment of the active site of the enzyme, causing the latter to subsequently perform its catalytic function.

A

Induced Fit Model

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22
Q

Enzymes that contain protein (apoenzyme) and nonprotein (cofactors) molecules

A

Conjugated Enzymes or holoenzymes

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23
Q

Enzymes consisting of proteins alone

A

Simple enzymes

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24
Q
  • biosynthesis
  • building complex molecules from simple ones
  • requires energy (ATP)
A

Anabolism

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25
Q
  • degradation
  • breaking down complex to simple molecules
  • generates energy (ATP)
A

Catabolism

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26
Q

The sum total of all chemical reactions and physical workings occurring in a cell

A

Metabolism

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27
Q
  • For a reaction to occur, an energy barrier must be surmounted
  • the minimum quantity of energy which the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction
A

Activation Energy

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28
Q
  • Point when a reaction can easily run in either direction, to product or back to reactant
  • Unstable at the highest energy level
  • Substrate is bound most tightly to an enzyme in this state
A

Transition State

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29
Q

is where a small part of the chromosome is moved to another chromosome.

A

Translocation

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30
Q

is where a portion or part of the chromosome is lost during the cell division and the result is mostly lethal

A

Deletion

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31
Q

happens if the fragment joins the homologous chromosome, then that region is repeated

A

Duplication

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32
Q
  • some call this as chromosomal rearrangements.
  • In this disorder, there is a part of chromosome that is affected
A

Chromosomal Alterations

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33
Q
  • has 45 chromosomes because there is no Y chromosome
  • They are genetically female, but they do not mature sexually during puberty
A

Monosomy X (Turner’s Syndrome)

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34
Q
  • has 47 chromosomes and this time there are three X chromosome and no Y chromosome
  • female
  • Their distinct features include widely spaced eyes, abnormally curved pinky fingers, flat feet and abnormally shaped breastbone
A

Trisomy X (Triple X Syndrome)

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35
Q
  • has 47 chromosomes, just like Klinefelter, but this is because there is a pair of Y chromosome instead of just 1
  • Person with this abnormality has no distinct physical features and mostly show behavioral difference
A

XYY Syndrome

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36
Q
  • has 47 chromosomes because there is a pair of X chromosome instead of just 1
A

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

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37
Q
  • occurs when pairs of homologous chromosomes or the sister chromatids fail to separate during anaphase I or anaphase II (rare in mitosis)
A

Nondisjunction

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38
Q
  • From the name itself, it implies that there is an excess chromosome in chromosome 21.
  • down syndrome
A

Trisomy 21

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39
Q
  • this means that there is an excessive copy of chromosome (normally it is a pair (2) but in these cases, there are 3 chromosomes)
A

Excessive Chromosomes (Autosomes)

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40
Q

it is the abnormality in the number of chromosomes; either there is too much or too few

A

Aneuploidy

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41
Q
  • it is the production of female gametes (ova) within ovaries (sometimes it happens in the oviduct)
  • starts during fetal development
A

Oogenesis

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42
Q

is the haplid cell which is formed by meiosis in spermatocytes

A

Spermatid

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43
Q

Differentiation of spermatids to spermatozoa

A

Spermiogenesis

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44
Q
  • complete process of meiosis I and meiosis II to produce 4 spermatids
A

Spermatocytogenesis

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45
Q

CAUSES OF VARIATIONS

A
  • Crossing Over in Prophase I
  • Independent Assortment in Metaphase I & II
  • Random Fertilization
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46
Q

differences between members of population

A

Variation

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47
Q
  • produces body/somatic cells
  • produces diploid cells
  • daughter cells are genetically identical
  • cell division and replication occurs ONCE
A

Mitosis

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48
Q

Mitosis

  • chromosomes condense
  • microtubules form
  • nuclear envelope breaks down
A

Prophase

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49
Q

Mitosis

  • chromosomes are pulled to the center of the cell
  • Line up along “metaphase plate”
A

Metaphase

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50
Q

Mitosis

  • centromeres divide
  • spindle fibers pull one set of chromosomes to each pole
  • Precise alignment is critical to division
A

Anaphase

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51
Q
  • Nuclear enveope form around the chromosomes
  • chromosomes uncoil
A

Telophase

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52
Q
  • Found majority on eukaryotic cells and considered as the largest organelle, accounting for around 10% of the cell’s volume
A

Nucleus

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53
Q
  • is the process of selectively permeable nuclear envelope separates the contents of the nucleus from that of the cytoplasm
A

Cell Compartmentalization

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54
Q
  • Major site of synthesis in the cell
  • This is a flattened sac network (cisternae) that is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane
A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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55
Q
  • takes proteins from the cytosol and continues its production in the golgi apparatus until completion
A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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56
Q

is important in lipid, phospholipid and steroid synthesis

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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57
Q
  • Mostly present in eukaryotic cells which is responsible for packaging of macromolecules into vesicles so that is can be sent out to their site of action
A

Golgi Apparatus

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58
Q
  • It has inner and outer membrane with an intermembrane space in between
  • The outer membrane contains proteins known as porins that enable ion movement to and from mitochondrion
  • The inner membrane includes a number of enzymes such as ATP synthase that produces ATP in the matrix and carries proteins that control metabolite movement into and out of the matrix
A

Mitochondria

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59
Q
  • An acidic membrane-bound organelle that contain numerous hydrolytic enzymes which catalyze hydrolysis reactions
A

Lysosomes

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60
Q
  • Consists of single membrane and granular matrix scattered in the cytoplasm
  • Contain enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic reactions including several aspects of energy metabolism.
A

Peroxisomes

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61
Q
  • Surrounded by a membrane called tonoplast which encloses fluid containing inorganic materials like water and organic materials like nutrients and enzymes
A

Vacuoles

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62
Q

A membrane-bound organelle containing liquid or cytosol which is enclosed by a lipid bilayer.

A

Vesicles

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63
Q

It is a type of plastid that involved in photosynthesis in plants and algae.

A

Chloroplast

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64
Q

Non-membrane

  • It is a structure of cells which produces protein
  • Many cellular functions such as repairing damage or directing chemical processes require protein
A

Ribosomes

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65
Q

Non-membrane

  • It is an organelle that helps cell divide or make copies of themselves
  • Each cell has a pair of these in the centrosome, a region near the nucleus
A

Centrioles

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66
Q

Non-membrane

  • It is a network of microscopic molecular filaments found in the cytoplasm of all nucleated eukaryotic cells
A

Cytoskeleton

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67
Q

Cell Modifications

  • Also called brush/striated border
  • They are finger-like cytoplasmic extensions of the apical surface which increase surface area for absorption
A

Microvilli

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68
Q

Cell Modifications

Appears as short hair-like structures or projections

A

Cilia

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69
Q

Cell Modifications

  • They have the same axial structure with cilia but much longer that also functions with movement
A

Flagella

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70
Q

Cell Modifications

  • They support the epithelium and also functions as a passive molecular sieve or ultrafilter
A

Basal Infoldings

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71
Q

Cell Modifications

  • They are intercellular adhesion complexes in epithelia and endothelia that control paracellular permeability
A

Tight Junctions

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72
Q

Cell Modifications

  • This is an element of the cell-cell junction in which cadherin receptors bridge the neighboring plasma membranes via their hemophilic reactions
A

Adherens Junction

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73
Q
  • is one of the essential structures common to all cell types
  • It acts as a barrier that separates the cytoplasm from the cell’s outer surroundings
A

Cell or Plasma Membrane

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74
Q
  • a two-layer of phospholipid oriented in opposite direction
  • A phospholipid molecule consists of a glycerol molecule bonded to a phosphate “head” group and two fatty-acid “tails”.
A

Phospholipid Bilayer

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75
Q

Phosphate head:
- means attracted to water molecules

A

Hydrophilic

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76
Q

Phosphate tail:
- means water-dreading or it repels water

A

Hydrophobic

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77
Q

Since phospholipid molecule is comprised of two different ends, it is called?

A

amphiphilic or amphiphatic

78
Q
  • can freely move within the lipid bilayer because of its fluidity
  • they may also be confined to certain areas of the bilayer
A

Membrane Proteins

79
Q
  • also known as intrinsic proteins are embedded entirely in the lipid bilayer
  • They are usually alpha-helices forming transmembrane region
  • extending through the lipid bilayer such that one end reaches the interior of the cell and the other extends in the outside
A

Integral Proteins

80
Q
  • are attached to either inner or outer layer of the phospholipid bilayer
  • They are easily separable from the lipid bilayer, that can be removed in any way without harming the bilayer
A

Peripheral Proteins

81
Q
  • are a very narrow tube-shaped protein that help establish a tiny pore in the cell membrane
  • They are only large enough to allow an ion to go through
A

Ion Channels

82
Q

They are embedded in the cell membrane to help transport too large molecules such as glucose and amino acids to go through ion channels across the membrane

A

Transporter or Carrier Proteins

83
Q

are chemicals that catalyze and causes chemical reactions to occur

A

Enzymes

84
Q

also known as cell identity markers

A

Recognition Sites

85
Q
  • They are located in between few phospholipid molecules
  • It helps the cell membrane maintain the appropriate level of fluidity by managing the space between phospholipids
A

Cholesterol

86
Q
  • Model used to describe the cell membrane
  • This is because the structure of the membrane is flexible and fluid rather than a rigid solid barrier
A

The Fluid Mosaic Model

87
Q
  • is a naturally-occurring phenomenon and does not require the cell to exert any of its energy to accomplish the movement
A

Passive Transport

88
Q
  • All forms of passive transport involve
  • substances simply move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
A

Diffusion

89
Q

Factors that affect the rate of diffusion:

  • The greater the difference in concentration, the faster the molecules will go down the concentration gradient, hence more rapid diffusion
A

Concentration Gradient

90
Q

Factors that affect the rate of diffusion

  • Higher temperatures increase the energy and therefore the movement of the molecules, increasing the rate of diffusion
  • Lower temperatures decrease the energy of the molecules, thus decreasing the rate of diffusion
A

Temperature

91
Q

Factors that affect the rate of diffusion

  • Heavier molecules move more slowly; therefore, they diffuse more slowly. The reverse is true for lighter molecules
A

Mass of Particles

92
Q

Factors that affect the rate of diffusion

  • Diffusion is significantly influenced by viscosity and density
  • The denser or viscous the medium is, the harder it is for the given particle to diffuse through it.
A

Solvent Properties

93
Q
  • is a form of passive transport in which substance moves down its concentration gradient without the use of transport proteins
A

Simple Diffusion

94
Q
  • a form of passive transport wherein materials diffuse across the plasma membrane with the help of membrane proteins.
A

Facilitated Diffusion

95
Q

a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.

A

Osmosis

96
Q
  • the pressure that must be applied to the solution side to stop fluid movement when a semipermeable membrane separates a solution from pure water
A

Osmotic Pressure

97
Q
  • any external solution that has the same solute concentration and water concentration compared to body fluids
A

Isotonic Solution

98
Q
  • refers to the relative concentration of solutes in the water inside and outside the cell
A

Tonicity

99
Q
  • the solute concentration is higher outside the red blood cells than inside, Because the concentration of water molecules inside the cell is higher than outside, water moves out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink and shrivel
A

Hypertonic Solution

100
Q
  • the solute concentration is lower outside the red blood cell than inside
A

Hypotonic Solution

101
Q
  • The plant cell is said to have become swollen and hard
A

Turgid

102
Q
  • is the resulting force of water against the cell wall
A

Turgor Pressure

103
Q
  • If the plant cell is then observed under a microscope, it will be noticed that the cytoplasm has shrunk and pulled away from the cell wall. This phenomenon is called?
  • Due to loss of water of cell
A

Plasmolysis

104
Q
  • This can be reversed as soon as the cells are transferred into a hypotonic solution in the process
  • opposite process of plasmolysis
A

Deplasmolysis

105
Q
  • a cell uses transport protein to move a substance against its concentration gradient—from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
A

Active Transport

106
Q

Transport protein that transports a single type of molecule or ion

A

Uniporter

107
Q

Transport protein that transports two molecules or ions in the same direction

A

Symporters

108
Q

Transport protein that transports two molecules or ions in the opposite direction

A

Antiporter

109
Q
  • a difference in the electrical potential (voltage) across their cell membrane.
A

Membrane Potential

110
Q
  • a small sac that can pinch off or fuse with a cell membrane.
A

Transport Vesicle

111
Q
  • Endocytosis and exocytosis together provide _____________ , because many molecules are moved at the same time
A

Bulk Transport

112
Q
  • cell membrane engulfs fluids or large molecules to bring them into the cell
A

Endocytosis

113
Q
  • “cell eating” is the process by which large particles, such as cells or relatively large particles, are taken in by a cell
A

Phagocytosis

114
Q
  • “cell drinking” and was named at a time when the assumption was that the cell was purposefully taking in extracellular fluid
A

Pinocytosis

115
Q

is a form of endocytosis in which receptor proteins on the cell surface are used to capture a specific target molecule.

A

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

116
Q

is a form of bulk transport in which materials are transported from the inside to the outside of the cell in membrane- bound vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane

A

Exocytosis

117
Q

Process in which a parent cell divides, giving rise to two or more cells

A

Cell Division

118
Q

process by which a nucleus divides, resulting in the segregation of the genome to opposite poles of a dividing cell

A

Nuclear Division

119
Q

a thin fibrous form of DNA and proteins

A

Chromatin

120
Q

identical structures that result from chromosome replicaition, formed during S phase

A

Sister Chromatid

121
Q

condensed DNA (from DNA Helix)

A

Chromosome

122
Q

sequence of phases in the life cycle of a cell

A

Cell Cycle

123
Q

is the longest event in the cell cycle, specifically in the S phase where the DNA must be copied

A

Interphase

124
Q

“inter” means

A

In between

125
Q
  • cell is recovering from mitosis
  • growth
A

G1 Phase

126
Q
  • DNA replicates
  • growth and DNA synthesis
A

S Phase

127
Q
  • preparation for mitosis
  • organelles are replicated
A

G2 Phase

128
Q

phase in which they are inactive in the sense that the cells are not dividing or preparing to divide

A

G0 Phase

129
Q
  • cell’s control system
  • cell cycle stops until a go-ahead signal is received
A

Checkpoints

130
Q

Checkpoint

  • Restriction point
  • enough nutrients
  • enough organelles
  • growth that happens
A

G1 Checkpoint

131
Q

Checkpoint

Enough genetic material

A

G2 Checkpoint

132
Q

Checkpoint

line-up of chromosomes in the equatorial region

A

M Checkpoint

133
Q
  • if the cell does not receive the go-ahead sugnal, it will exit the cycle, switching into a non dividing state called?
A

G0 Phase

134
Q

the proteins that interact to regulate the cell cycle are called (?) because they undergo a constant cycle of synthesis and degradation during cell division

A

Cyclins

135
Q

the proteins that interact to regulate the cell cycle are kinases which either activates or deactivates another protein through phosphorylating them.

A

Cyclin-dependent Kinase

136
Q

is a cyclin-cdk complex that triggers a cell’s passage past the G2 checkpoint into the M phase

A

Maturation-promotion Factor

137
Q

These are cells that are like clay that is ready to be molded to get a specific shape

A

Stem cells

138
Q

are cells that don’t stop dividing and growing even if there is already enough of them in an area

A

Cancer Cells

139
Q
  • implies, it is a progressive damage in nerve cells
  • We can say that it is the loss of nerve structure and function which are notable in the diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s and Parkinson’s.
A

Neurodegeneration

140
Q

is the most widespread and known degenerative disease and is characterized by memory loss

A

Alzheimer’s

141
Q

it is an inherited disorder characterized by neuronal dysfunction and degeneration in striatum and cerebral cortex

A

Huntington’s

142
Q

is also about cell deaths but targeting those neurons responsible for movements

A

Parkinson’s

143
Q
  • biotechnology is the process of creating copies of DNA fragments, cells or organisms
A

Cloning

144
Q

as fragments of tissue from an animal or plant are transferred to an artificial environment in which they can continue to survive and function

A

Tissue Culture

145
Q
  • a division of nucleus that reduces the chromosome number by half
  • REDUCTION DIVISION
  • Daughter cells produces are not genetically identical to one another
  • cell division takes place TWICE, but replicates ONCE
A

Meiosis

146
Q

each chromosome in pair are identical to other (carry genes for same trait

A

Homologous Pair

147
Q

pairing of homologous chromosomes forming a tetrad

A

Synapsis

148
Q

chromatids of tetrad exchange parts

A

Crossing over

149
Q

Meiosis

  • chromosomes condense
  • homologous chromosomes pair with each other
  • each pair contains four sister chromatids
  • tetrad
A

Prophase I

150
Q

Meiosis

  • spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes through their centromeres
  • while this is happening the chromosome continue to condense
A

Prometaphase

151
Q

Meiosis

  • Tetrads or homologous chromosomes move to the center of the cell
  • independent assortment occurs
  • 2 homologous chromosomes will separate
A

Metaphase I

152
Q

Meiosis

homologous chromosomes pulled to opposite poles

A

Anaphase I

153
Q

Meiosis

Daughter nuclei formed
haploid

A

Telophase I

154
Q

Meiosis

  • daughter cells undergo a second division much like mitosis
  • no additional replication occurs
A

Meiosis II

155
Q

Meiosis

Spindle fibers form again

A

Prophase II

156
Q

Meiosis

Sister chromatids move to the center

A

Metaphase II

157
Q

Meiosis

  • centromeres split
  • sister chromatids are pulles to poles
A

Anaphase II

158
Q

Meiosis

  • Four non-identical haploid daughter cells result from one original diploid cells
A

Telophase II

159
Q
  • Tissue that performs different functions depending on the type and position of the cells in the plant, including:
    > parenchyma (photosynthesis in the leaves and storage in the roots)
    > collenchyma (shooting support in areas of active growth)
    > schlerenchyma (shooting support in areas where growth has stopped)
A

Ground Tissue

160
Q
  • It is involved in the collection and transmitting of information through detecting stimuli- external and internal signals
  • It is composed of two main cell types: neurons or nerve cells and glia
A

Nervous Tissues

161
Q

Tissue that covers and protects the plant and monitors exchange of gases and absorption of water in roots

A

Dermal Tissue

162
Q

Tissue that transports water, minerals and sugars into different parts of the plant

A

Vascular Tissue

163
Q

Main Postulates of Cell Theory

A
  1. All known living things are made up of cells.
  2. The cell is a structural and functional unit of all living things.
  3. All cells come from pre-existing cells by division.
164
Q

Additional Postulates for Cell Theory

A
  1. All cells contain hereditary information which is passed from cell to cell

during division.

  1. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition.
  2. All energy flow of life occurs within cells.
165
Q
  • are large, complex molecules playing several critical roles in the body
  • It does most of the work in cells and are necessary for the tissues and organs of the body’s structure, function and control
A

Proteins

166
Q
  • performs a range of function such as providing energy, structural support and cellular communication
  • It has the most important function as a source of energy.
A

Carbohydrates

167
Q
  • are the basic building blocks for all cells and they play many important and varied roles
  • they are made up of fatty acids that can either be saturated or unsaturated
  • They are important components of the plasma membrane and other cellular compartments
A

Lipids

168
Q

have two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

A

Nucleic Acids

169
Q
  • unicellular
  • found in bacteria
  • reproduce through binary fission
  • circular DNA structure
  • rigid cell wall from glycoproteins (Murein)
  • asexual reproduction
  • Lack membrane-bound organelles
  • Lack membrane-bound nucleus
  • Nucleoid: cytoplasm area where majority of their DNA is in a chromosome-like
A

Prokaryotic Cells

170
Q
  • multicellular
  • found in plants, animals, fungi, protists
  • reproduce through mitosis
  • linear DNA structure
  • sexual reproduction
  • Contains organelles enclosed in membranes (Golgi Body and endoplasmic reticulum)
  • store their DNA as chromosomes within the nucleus
A

Eukaryotic Cells

171
Q

Similarities of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

A
  • Both have ribosomes -Both have DNA responsible for genetic coding
  • Both have plasma membrane
  • Both have cytoplasm - Both have plasma membrane
172
Q

Tissue that consists of closely packed sheets of cells covering
surfaces- including the outside of the body- and cavities of the body wall

A

Epithelial Tissue

173
Q
  • Tissue made up of cells that are suspended in an extracellular matrix
  • supports and, as the name implies, binds other tissues
  • The most abundant and widely distributed tissues that also functions as protection
A

Connective Tissue

174
Q
  • cells, often referred to as muscle fibers contain actin and myosin proteins which allow them to contract
  • Important tissue in holding the body stable, enabling it to move and also pumping blood and pushing food through the digestive tract
A

Muscle Tissue

175
Q
  • also striated-striped- muscle is what we refer to in daily life as muscle
  • is attached by tendons to the bones, which helps you to regulate your movements consciously
A

Skeletal Muscle

176
Q
  • muscle is found in blood vessel walls, digestive tract walls, uterus, urinary bladder and various other internal structures
  • is not striated and its involuntary, not under conscious control
A

Smooth Muscle

177
Q

muscle that can only be seen in the walls of the heart

A

Cardiac Muscle

178
Q
  • “Father of Modern Pathology”
  • He published his now famous aphorism “omnis cellula e cellula” which means “every cell stems from another cell.”
A

Rudolf Virchow

179
Q
  • Zoologist
  • also studied different animals using his microscope and later on concluded that animals are made up of cells
A

Theodor Schwann

180
Q
  • line the cavities and surfaces of the body such as the inside of the stomach and the outermost skin layer
A

Epithelial Tissues

181
Q
  • Tissues that supports, protects and binds certain parts of the body such as muscles
A

Connective Tissue

182
Q
  • can receive stimuli and conduct electrical impulses.
A

Nervous Tissue

183
Q

Muscles of the body that produce movement by contraction and expansion

A

Muscular Tissue

184
Q

Plants have outer coverings formed by ?

A

Dermal Tissue

185
Q
  • a Dutch spectacle-maker who discovered the first compound microscope which was later disputed as many had invented their own versions of glass lenses across Europe to be used at that time
A

Zachrias Janssen

186
Q
  • he is known for telescope
  • he was alsoable to make his own microscope because of his knowledge about glass and focal lengths
  • It has two new lenses same as his telescope: a bi-convex objective and a bi-concave eyepiece
A

Galileo Galilei

187
Q
  • “Father of Microbiology”
  • he made his own very odd looking version. But, with his strange looking microscope, he was able to discover bacteria and protozoa
  • used his dental scraping to look for bacteria and protozoa
A

Antony van Leeuwenhoek

188
Q
  • Antony van Leeuwenhoek did not call them bacteria but instead he called it?
A

Animalcules

189
Q
  • he was able to coin the term “cell” by looking at a piece of cork stripped from the trunk of the Cork Oak tree under his microscope.
A

Robert Hooke

190
Q
  • a German botanist who loves observing his plants under the microscope, noticed that every plant is made up of cells
A

Matthias Schlieden

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