KS 2: Adaptations for Survival Flashcards
What is ‘tolerance range’?
Range of environmental conditions, which an organism can live and reproduce.
What 3 features are tolerance range affected by?
Behavioural, Structural and Physiological
What is a ‘limiting factor’?
Condition which approaches the limits of tolerance.
What are some ways that plants maximise water absorption?
- Plants produce long roots which reach the water-table.
What are some ways that plants minimise water loss?
- Place stomata on lower side of leaf.
- Thick cuticle which is made of water-proof material.
What is ‘transpiration’?
Loss of water vapour from plants
What are ‘Stomata’?
Openings on the surface of leaves, through which water and carbon dioxide can move.
What is a ‘phyllode’?
Leaf like structure, gained from the stem of a leaf.
How do phyllodes help to reduce water?
- They have few Stomata.
- Have large central cells that store water.
What are ‘Cladodes’?
Fine branches that carry out photosynthesis in species which few leaves.
How does saltbush survive in salty areas?
Excrete salt through leaves, which reflect sunlight, reducing temperature.
What are some successful examples of biomimicry?
Burrs - Velcro
Shark Scales - Boats
Lotus Leaves - Paint
What is ‘Biomimicry’?
The design and production of structures/systems/materials based on biological processes or entities.
How do some animals survive in the cold?
Produce ‘antifreeze’ substance which is mixed in the water within cells, to increase the temperature that it will freeze at
What 3 features help mammals survive under water?
- Store lots of oxygen in lungs.
- Have more Red Blood Cells, which move oxygen around body.
- Layer of fat/blubber for insulation.
How do plants overcome cold conditions?
Ice forms in spaces between cells, so water moves from the cells to ice crystals via osmosis.
What does ‘maladaptive’ mean?
An organism which hasn’t adapted properly to suit its environment.
Where is ‘intracellular fluid’ found?
Inside cells
Where is ‘plasma’ found?
Liquid part of blood
Where is ‘interstitial fluid’ found?
Space between cells and plasma membranes
What is ‘metabolic water’?
Water obtained as a product from chemical reactions.
What is ‘heat loss’?
When body temperature is greater then external temperature.
What is ‘heat gain’?
When external temperature is greater than body temperature.
What is ‘heat regulation via radiation’?
No physical contact (sun)
