Kruse LOs

Question 1

benzodiazepine MOA?

Answer 1

acts on the GABAa receptor to increase receptor sensitivity to GABA (agonist) and enhances inhibitory neurotransmission

Question 2

Which drug is commonly used in the perioperative period because of their anxiolytic properties and ability to produce anterograde amnesia?

Answer 2

midazolam (diazepam)

Question 3

How can the actions of midazolam be terminated?

Answer 3

flumazenil

Question 4

what drugs contribute to malignant hyperthermia?

Answer 4

succinylcholine + inhaled volatile anesthetic (desflurane, enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane)

Question 5

What is the antidote for malignant hyperthermia?

Answer 5

dantrolene

Question 6

What are the signs and symptoms of halothane-induced hepatitis?

Answer 6

anorexia, nausea, myalgias, arthralgias, and rash;
eosinophilia, hepatomegaly, and jaundice
develops 2 days to 3 weeks after exposure

Question 7

what drugs causes a dissociative anesthetic state characterized by catatonia, amnesia, and analgesia without LOC?

Answer 7

ketamine

Question 8

what is the MOA of ketamine?

Answer 8

NMDA receptor antagonist

Question 9

local anesthetics that may be applied topically during wound cleaning?

Answer 9

benzocaine, dibucaine, and lidocaine

Question 10

which agents have a low blood solubility?

Answer 10

nitrous oxide and desflurane

Question 11

which agents have a high blood solubility?

Answer 11

halothane

Question 12

moa of propofol?

Answer 12

GABAa agonist

Question 13

moa of fosprofol?

Answer 13

prodrug of propofol

Question 14

moa of etomidate?

Answer 14

enhances the actions of GABA on GABAa receptors

Question 15

moa of ketamine?

Answer 15

NMDA receptor antagonist

Question 16

MOA of dexmedetomidine?

Answer 16

alpha-2 adrenergic agonist

Question 17

moa of barbiturates?

Answer 17

increase the duration of GABAa receptor channel opening

Question 18

MOA of benzodiazepines?

Answer 18

increase GABAa receptor sensitivity to GABA

Question 19

how do you treat weakness due to neuromuscular blockade as a result of drug-induced paralysis?

Answer 19

cholinesterase inhibitors: neostigmine, pyridostigmine, and edrophonium
*neostigmine is most commonly used

Question 20

what is the MOA of cholinesterase inhibitors?

Answer 20

antagonize non-depolarizing blockade by increasing the amount of ACh at the NMJ

Question 21

in order to treat weakness due to neuromuscular blockade as a result of drug-induced paralysis, identify the drug(s) used to minimize the adverse effects that result from reversal of pharmacological paralysis?

Answer 21

anticholinergic agents (aka antimuscarinic compounds) such as atropine or glycopyrrolate

Question 22

In order to treat peripheral weakness with sensory changes due to exposure to organophosphates, identify the drug that will relieve skeletal muscle fasciculations and paralysis?

Answer 22

Cholinesterase reactivator: Pralidoxime

Question 23

What is the short acting treatment for MG?

Answer 23

edrophonium

Question 24

Name two drugs that are used to treat muscle spasticity?

Answer 24

carisoprodol and cyclobenzaprine

Question 25

what are the adverse effects associated with carisoprodol?

Answer 25

dizziness and drowsiness
addictive potential
metabolized to meprobamate, which has anxiolytic and sedative effects

Question 26

what are the adverse effects associated with cyclobenzaprine?

Answer 26

drowsiness, dizziness, and xerostomia

antimuscarinic side effects (may cause significant sedation, confusion, and transient visual hallucinations)

Question 27

what drugs are used to treat MS?

Answer 27

glucocorticoids, glatiramer acetate, interferons, mitoxantrone

Question 28

what is the MOA of glatiramer acetate?

Answer 28

induce and activate T lymphocyte suppressor cells specific for myelin antigen

Question 29

what is the MOA of interferons?

Answer 29

acts on BBB by interfering with T cell adhesion

Question 30

what is the MOA of mitoxantrone?

Answer 30

intercalates into DNA resulting in cross-links and strand breaks