Kruse LOs Flashcards

1
Q

benzodiazepine MOA?

A

acts on the GABAa receptor to increase receptor sensitivity to GABA (agonist) and enhances inhibitory neurotransmission

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2
Q

Which drug is commonly used in the perioperative period because of their anxiolytic properties and ability to produce anterograde amnesia?

A

midazolam (diazepam)

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3
Q

How can the actions of midazolam be terminated?

A

flumazenil

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4
Q

what drugs contribute to malignant hyperthermia?

A

succinylcholine + inhaled volatile anesthetic (desflurane, enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane)

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5
Q

What is the antidote for malignant hyperthermia?

A

dantrolene

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6
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of halothane-induced hepatitis?

A

anorexia, nausea, myalgias, arthralgias, and rash;
eosinophilia, hepatomegaly, and jaundice
develops 2 days to 3 weeks after exposure

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7
Q

what drugs causes a dissociative anesthetic state characterized by catatonia, amnesia, and analgesia without LOC?

A

ketamine

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8
Q

what is the MOA of ketamine?

A

NMDA receptor antagonist

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9
Q

local anesthetics that may be applied topically during wound cleaning?

A

benzocaine, dibucaine, and lidocaine

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10
Q

which agents have a low blood solubility?

A

nitrous oxide and desflurane

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11
Q

which agents have a high blood solubility?

A

halothane

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12
Q

moa of propofol?

A

GABAa agonist

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13
Q

moa of fosprofol?

A

prodrug of propofol

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14
Q

moa of etomidate?

A

enhances the actions of GABA on GABAa receptors

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15
Q

moa of ketamine?

A

NMDA receptor antagonist

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16
Q

MOA of dexmedetomidine?

A

alpha-2 adrenergic agonist

17
Q

moa of barbiturates?

A

increase the duration of GABAa receptor channel opening

18
Q

MOA of benzodiazepines?

A

increase GABAa receptor sensitivity to GABA

19
Q

how do you treat weakness due to neuromuscular blockade as a result of drug-induced paralysis?

A

cholinesterase inhibitors: neostigmine, pyridostigmine, and edrophonium
*neostigmine is most commonly used

20
Q

what is the MOA of cholinesterase inhibitors?

A

antagonize non-depolarizing blockade by increasing the amount of ACh at the NMJ

21
Q

in order to treat weakness due to neuromuscular blockade as a result of drug-induced paralysis, identify the drug(s) used to minimize the adverse effects that result from reversal of pharmacological paralysis?

A

anticholinergic agents (aka antimuscarinic compounds) such as atropine or glycopyrrolate

22
Q

In order to treat peripheral weakness with sensory changes due to exposure to organophosphates, identify the drug that will relieve skeletal muscle fasciculations and paralysis?

A

Cholinesterase reactivator: Pralidoxime

23
Q

What is the short acting treatment for MG?

A

edrophonium

24
Q

Name two drugs that are used to treat muscle spasticity?

A

carisoprodol and cyclobenzaprine

25
what are the adverse effects associated with carisoprodol?
dizziness and drowsiness addictive potential metabolized to meprobamate, which has anxiolytic and sedative effects
26
what are the adverse effects associated with cyclobenzaprine?
drowsiness, dizziness, and xerostomia | antimuscarinic side effects (may cause significant sedation, confusion, and transient visual hallucinations)
27
what drugs are used to treat MS?
glucocorticoids, glatiramer acetate, interferons, mitoxantrone
28
what is the MOA of glatiramer acetate?
induce and activate T lymphocyte suppressor cells specific for myelin antigen
29
what is the MOA of interferons?
acts on BBB by interfering with T cell adhesion
30
what is the MOA of mitoxantrone?
intercalates into DNA resulting in cross-links and strand breaks