Krok 1 - 2020 Booklet Flashcards
Which enzyme should be measured in the blood and urine to confirm pancreatitis?
Alpha amylase
Albumin 20g/l, increased activity of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 5 (ldh5) disorder of which enzyme?
Liver
Dilated pupil, unresponsive to light. Which muscle disturbed?
Iris sphincter muscle, ciliary
Castles extrinsic factor (transcorrin) is also known as:
Cobalamin
Liver fibrosis results from chronic blood flow disturbance. Which direction does blood flow in these lobules?
From the periphery to the centre
Blood typing neither anti-a and anti-b reagents cause agglutination what blood type?
Type o
Which method is recommended for serum confirmation of HIV infection?
Western blot (immunoblotting)
During anaesthesia patient’s body temperature reached 43 degrees c which pathology developed?
Hyperthermic syndrome
During exercise patient’s respiration rate increased what’s the main cause?
Increased CO2 tension in the blood
5th day after onset patient had jaundice, myalgia, chills and nasal bleeding. Laboratory diagnostics performed dark field microscopy of a blood drop. Name the causative agent?
Leptospira interrogans
Child has significant decrease of immunoglobulin concentration and absence of b lymphocytes. Which immunodeficiency?
Broughton syndrome (x-linked agammaglobulinemia)
Positive widal test. What does this indicate?
Typhoid fever
Rapid fatigue ability weakness and palpitations. Blood test: erythrocytes 2.5 g per litre, colour index 0.6, Anisa cytosis with prevalence of microcytosis. Blood serum iron is 5.4 mmols. What is the pathology?
Iron deficiency anaemia
Patient has limb amputated yet still feels pain in it. What type of pain development is this?
Phantom pain
Chronic kidney failure with osteoporosis, pathologic calcification of the internal organs and arterial hypertension. Which hormone is increased in activity?
Parathyroid hormone
Uterine contraction during labour is absent. Which hormonal drugs should be given to intensify labour activity?
Oxytocin
Electrical impulses that irritate the sympathetic nerve that innervates blood vessels of the skin. What reaction will be seen in the blood vessels?
Arterial and venous constriction
Tumours in the laryngeal area can spread to which regional lymph nodes?
Deep cervical lymph nodes
Which blood protein is indicative of liver cancer if found in the blood serum?
Alpha fetoprotein
10 days after antitoxic anti diphtheric serum a child with diphtheria developed skin rashes accompanied by severe itching, body temperature increased up to 38 degrees c, pain in the joints. What’s the cause?
Serum sickness
People from India displays grey tint to the skin, loss of appetite, inertness, hepatosplenomegaly, lymph node enlargement. Which protozoan disease can be suspected?
Visceral leishmaniasis
Increase duration of qrs complex. Cause?
Increased period of ventricular excitation
Blood test shows: sodium 115 mmol/l, chlorides 85mmol/l, glucose 6mmol/l, total protein 65g/l. The first consequence of such changes will be the decrease of:
Osmotic blood pressure
Frequent and excessive urination and thirst. Urinalysis reveals 24-hour diuresis of 19 l, specific gravity these values a characteristic of:
Diabetes insipidus
16-year old girl has no hair on pubis or in the underarms, mammary glands underdeveloped, no menstruation. What is the condition?
Ovarian failure
Patient has allergic response with itching, edemas and skin redness. In the tissues there is an increased concentration of a biogenic amine. Name the biogenic amine.
Histamine
Hepatitis d can only reproduce in the presence of which other hepatitis virus?
Hepatitis b
A disease present in both genders has a 50% chance of heritance in 1 heterozygous and 1 healthy parent. What type of disease inheritance is it?
Autosomal dominant
A vitamin is a component of glutamic acid decarboxylase as a coenzyme, takes part in the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid and it’s deficiency manifests as convulsions. Name this vitamin.
Pyridoxine (B6)
Histological specimen shows paraclimber of an organ that consists of lymphoid tissue that forms lymph nodules; the nodules are located diffusely and have a central artery. Which anatomical structure has this characteristic?
Spleen
Patient suspected to have infectious mononucleosis. Which lab result can confirm the diagnosis immediately?
Immunoglobulin m antibodies to epstein-barr virus
After a spinal trauma a patient lost proprioceptive sensitivity in the lower half of the body and in the lower limbs. Which sensory conduction pathway was damaged?
Fasciculus gracilis (goll column)
Acute cholelithiasis. Examination of the patients faeces will show what?
A negative reaction to stercobilin
Patient suffering from rheumatoid arthritis died of uremia, enlarged pale grey kidneys with a glossy surface on section. What is the pathology?
Renal amyloidosis
Steatorrhea and hypocholic faeces. Cause?
Obturation of bile ducts
Increased pulmonary ventilation due to exercise. what indicator of external respiration will be significantly increased compared to the resting state?
Respiratory volume
Man is unconscious. History of syncopal episodes with convulsions. Deformed qrs complex with unconnected p waves. Atrial tachycardia ventricular bradycardia. What is the arrhythmia?
Complete atrioventricular block
What is the main source of blood supply to the descending colon?
Inferior mesenteric artery
Sick child produces specific sweet smelling urine. Disturbed metabolism of amino acids such as leucine, isoleucine, and valine. What is the disease?
Maple syrup urine disease
Chronic suppurative inflammation of the bone. What is the disease?
Osteomyelitis
Large wedge shaped patch of dense dark red tissue with clear margins in the upper lobe of the right lung. Histological examination shows necrosis of alveolar walls; alveolar tightly packed with erythrocytes. Name?
Hemorrhagic infarction
Which medicine should be administered to bring a patient out of hypoglycemic coma?
Glucose
Subcutaneous Mercury chloride 5 mg. 24-hours later plasma creatine concentration increased several times. Why?
Decreased glomerular filtration
Patient suffering from chronic peptic ulcer disease. What type of anaemia is most likely?
Chronic posthemorrhagic anaemia
24-hours after operation patients blood test shows neutrophilic leukocytosis with regenerative shift. Why?
Intensification of leukopoiesis
Which cells are responsible for transplant rejection?
T lymphocytes
Which amino acid replacement in haemoglobin causes sickle cell anaemia?
Glutamate replaced with valine
Name the supramolecular multienzyme complex that is integrated into the lipid layer of inner mitochondrial membranes that creates conditions for redox reactions.
Respiratory chain
Oxidation of organic compounds in synthesis of macroergic molecules happens in which organelle?
Mitochondria
Patient with ischaemic heart disease has increased levels of triglycerides and low density lipoproteins in blood plasma. What medicine should be prescribed?
Fenofibrate
Woman with enteritis has severe diarrhoea, loss of water in the extracellular space, increased water content in the cells and decreasing blood osmolarity. What type of water electrolyte imbalance is this?
Hypo osmolar hypohydration
Where is the most common place to find embolisms?
The lungs or pulmonary system
Which antihypertensive drug causes a cough?
Lisinopril
Pterin derivatives - aminopterin and methotrexate – are competitive inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase. As a result they suppressed the regeneration of tetrahydrofolic acid from dihydrofolate.these medicines lead to the inhibition of intermolecular transport of one-carbon groups full stop in the process the biosynthesis of the following polymer is suppressed:
DNA
What genetic defect is the cause of Niemann-Pick disease?
Sphingomyelinase deficiency
Smooth down nasolabial fold, dilated right palpebral fissures, difficulty during speaking and eating. Which nerve is damaged?
N. Facialis Dexter
Which artery is on the medial surface of the right frontal lobe?
A. Cerebri anterior
An experiment of frog neuromuscular preparation had been processed with a curare like substance, which lead the disappearance of muscle contractions in response to electrical stimulation. What function of the muscle cell membrane is disrupted by the curare like substance?
Reception of the mediators in the neuromuscular synapse
Which drug should be used to reverse opiate poisoning?
Naloxone
Patient has status epilepticus. What medicine should be used to stop the seizures?
Diazepam
