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Krok Associations > Krok 1 - 2020 Booklet > Flashcards

Krok 1 - 2020 Booklet Flashcards

1
Q

Which enzyme should be measured in the blood and urine to confirm pancreatitis?

A

Alpha amylase

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2
Q

Albumin 20g/l, increased activity of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 5 (ldh5) disorder of which enzyme?

A

Liver

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3
Q

Dilated pupil, unresponsive to light. Which muscle disturbed?

A

Iris sphincter muscle, ciliary

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4
Q

Castles extrinsic factor (transcorrin) is also known as:

A

Cobalamin

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5
Q

Liver fibrosis results from chronic blood flow disturbance. Which direction does blood flow in these lobules?

A

From the periphery to the centre

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6
Q

Blood typing neither anti-a and anti-b reagents cause agglutination what blood type?

A

Type o

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7
Q

Which method is recommended for serum confirmation of HIV infection?

A

Western blot (immunoblotting)

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8
Q

During anaesthesia patient’s body temperature reached 43 degrees c which pathology developed?

A

Hyperthermic syndrome

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9
Q

During exercise patient’s respiration rate increased what’s the main cause?

A

Increased CO2 tension in the blood

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10
Q

5th day after onset patient had jaundice, myalgia, chills and nasal bleeding. Laboratory diagnostics performed dark field microscopy of a blood drop. Name the causative agent?

A

Leptospira interrogans

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11
Q

Child has significant decrease of immunoglobulin concentration and absence of b lymphocytes. Which immunodeficiency?

A

Broughton syndrome (x-linked agammaglobulinemia)

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12
Q

Positive widal test. What does this indicate?

A

Typhoid fever

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13
Q

Rapid fatigue ability weakness and palpitations. Blood test: erythrocytes 2.5 g per litre, colour index 0.6, Anisa cytosis with prevalence of microcytosis. Blood serum iron is 5.4 mmols. What is the pathology?

A

Iron deficiency anaemia

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14
Q

Patient has limb amputated yet still feels pain in it. What type of pain development is this?

A

Phantom pain

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15
Q

Chronic kidney failure with osteoporosis, pathologic calcification of the internal organs and arterial hypertension. Which hormone is increased in activity?

A

Parathyroid hormone

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16
Q

Uterine contraction during labour is absent. Which hormonal drugs should be given to intensify labour activity?

A

Oxytocin

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17
Q

Electrical impulses that irritate the sympathetic nerve that innervates blood vessels of the skin. What reaction will be seen in the blood vessels?

A

Arterial and venous constriction

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18
Q

Tumours in the laryngeal area can spread to which regional lymph nodes?

A

Deep cervical lymph nodes

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19
Q

Which blood protein is indicative of liver cancer if found in the blood serum?

A

Alpha fetoprotein

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20
Q

10 days after antitoxic anti diphtheric serum a child with diphtheria developed skin rashes accompanied by severe itching, body temperature increased up to 38 degrees c, pain in the joints. What’s the cause?

A

Serum sickness

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21
Q

People from India displays grey tint to the skin, loss of appetite, inertness, hepatosplenomegaly, lymph node enlargement. Which protozoan disease can be suspected?

A

Visceral leishmaniasis

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22
Q

Increase duration of qrs complex. Cause?

A

Increased period of ventricular excitation

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23
Q

Blood test shows: sodium 115 mmol/l, chlorides 85mmol/l, glucose 6mmol/l, total protein 65g/l. The first consequence of such changes will be the decrease of:

A

Osmotic blood pressure

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24
Q

Frequent and excessive urination and thirst. Urinalysis reveals 24-hour diuresis of 19 l, specific gravity these values a characteristic of:

A

Diabetes insipidus

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25
Q

16-year old girl has no hair on pubis or in the underarms, mammary glands underdeveloped, no menstruation. What is the condition?

A

Ovarian failure

26
Q

Patient has allergic response with itching, edemas and skin redness. In the tissues there is an increased concentration of a biogenic amine. Name the biogenic amine.

A

Histamine

27
Q

Hepatitis d can only reproduce in the presence of which other hepatitis virus?

A

Hepatitis b

28
Q

A disease present in both genders has a 50% chance of heritance in 1 heterozygous and 1 healthy parent. What type of disease inheritance is it?

A

Autosomal dominant

29
Q

A vitamin is a component of glutamic acid decarboxylase as a coenzyme, takes part in the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid and it’s deficiency manifests as convulsions. Name this vitamin.

A

Pyridoxine (B6)

30
Q

Histological specimen shows paraclimber of an organ that consists of lymphoid tissue that forms lymph nodules; the nodules are located diffusely and have a central artery. Which anatomical structure has this characteristic?

A

Spleen

31
Q

Patient suspected to have infectious mononucleosis. Which lab result can confirm the diagnosis immediately?

A

Immunoglobulin m antibodies to epstein-barr virus

32
Q

After a spinal trauma a patient lost proprioceptive sensitivity in the lower half of the body and in the lower limbs. Which sensory conduction pathway was damaged?

A

Fasciculus gracilis (goll column)

33
Q

Acute cholelithiasis. Examination of the patients faeces will show what?

A

A negative reaction to stercobilin

34
Q

Patient suffering from rheumatoid arthritis died of uremia, enlarged pale grey kidneys with a glossy surface on section. What is the pathology?

A

Renal amyloidosis

35
Q

Steatorrhea and hypocholic faeces. Cause?

A

Obturation of bile ducts

36
Q

Increased pulmonary ventilation due to exercise. what indicator of external respiration will be significantly increased compared to the resting state?

A

Respiratory volume

37
Q

Man is unconscious. History of syncopal episodes with convulsions. Deformed qrs complex with unconnected p waves. Atrial tachycardia ventricular bradycardia. What is the arrhythmia?

A

Complete atrioventricular block

38
Q

What is the main source of blood supply to the descending colon?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

39
Q

Sick child produces specific sweet smelling urine. Disturbed metabolism of amino acids such as leucine, isoleucine, and valine. What is the disease?

A

Maple syrup urine disease

40
Q

Chronic suppurative inflammation of the bone. What is the disease?

A

Osteomyelitis

41
Q

Large wedge shaped patch of dense dark red tissue with clear margins in the upper lobe of the right lung. Histological examination shows necrosis of alveolar walls; alveolar tightly packed with erythrocytes. Name?

A

Hemorrhagic infarction

42
Q

Which medicine should be administered to bring a patient out of hypoglycemic coma?

A

Glucose

43
Q

Subcutaneous Mercury chloride 5 mg. 24-hours later plasma creatine concentration increased several times. Why?

A

Decreased glomerular filtration

44
Q

Patient suffering from chronic peptic ulcer disease. What type of anaemia is most likely?

A

Chronic posthemorrhagic anaemia

45
Q

24-hours after operation patients blood test shows neutrophilic leukocytosis with regenerative shift. Why?

A

Intensification of leukopoiesis

46
Q

Which cells are responsible for transplant rejection?

A

T lymphocytes

47
Q

Which amino acid replacement in haemoglobin causes sickle cell anaemia?

A

Glutamate replaced with valine

48
Q

Name the supramolecular multienzyme complex that is integrated into the lipid layer of inner mitochondrial membranes that creates conditions for redox reactions.

A

Respiratory chain

49
Q

Oxidation of organic compounds in synthesis of macroergic molecules happens in which organelle?

A

Mitochondria

50
Q

Patient with ischaemic heart disease has increased levels of triglycerides and low density lipoproteins in blood plasma. What medicine should be prescribed?

A

Fenofibrate

51
Q

Woman with enteritis has severe diarrhoea, loss of water in the extracellular space, increased water content in the cells and decreasing blood osmolarity. What type of water electrolyte imbalance is this?

A

Hypo osmolar hypohydration

52
Q

Where is the most common place to find embolisms?

A

The lungs or pulmonary system

53
Q

Which antihypertensive drug causes a cough?

A

Lisinopril

54
Q

Pterin derivatives - aminopterin and methotrexate – are competitive inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase. As a result they suppressed the regeneration of tetrahydrofolic acid from dihydrofolate.these medicines lead to the inhibition of intermolecular transport of one-carbon groups full stop in the process the biosynthesis of the following polymer is suppressed:

A

DNA

55
Q

What genetic defect is the cause of Niemann-Pick disease?

A

Sphingomyelinase deficiency

56
Q

Smooth down nasolabial fold, dilated right palpebral fissures, difficulty during speaking and eating. Which nerve is damaged?

A

N. Facialis Dexter

57
Q

Which artery is on the medial surface of the right frontal lobe?

A

A. Cerebri anterior

58
Q

An experiment of frog neuromuscular preparation had been processed with a curare like substance, which lead the disappearance of muscle contractions in response to electrical stimulation. What function of the muscle cell membrane is disrupted by the curare like substance?

A

Reception of the mediators in the neuromuscular synapse

59
Q

Which drug should be used to reverse opiate poisoning?

A

Naloxone

60
Q

Patient has status epilepticus. What medicine should be used to stop the seizures?

A

Diazepam

Krok Associations (3 decks)

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