Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochem II NYCC > Kreb's Cycle > Flashcards

Kreb's Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the other two names for the Kreb’s cycle?

A

TCA cycle
Citric acid cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What can enter the Kreb’s cycle?

A

Fatty acids, glucose as pyruvate, amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the purpose of the Kreb’s cycle?

A

Biosynthesis and energy production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the products of the energy production of Kreb’s cycle?

A

3 NADH, FADH2, 2 CO2, GTP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What stimulates fatty acid production?

A

High carb diet with no exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What two amino acids are the easiest to make?

A

Aspartate and glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What intermediate in the Kreb’s cycle is required to make hemoglobin?

A

Succinyl CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What needs heme?

A

Hemoglobin, cytochromes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What must the Kreb’s cycle be paired with to make energy?

A

Electron transport chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the starting molecule of Kreb’s cycle?

A

Acetyl-CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the first equation of the Kreb’s cycle?

A

Oxaloacetate + acetyl-CoA (+H2O) -> citrate
(enzyme: citrate synthase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do carbs enter the Kreb’s cycle?

A

Glycolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do carbs enter the Kreb’s cycle as?

A

Pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the pre-Kreb’s step for pyruvate?

A

Pyruvate to acetyl CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What coenzymes are needed for pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

A

B1 (TPP), B2 (FAD), B3 (NAD), B5 (CoAsh), lipoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do fatty acids enter the Kreb’s cycle?

A

Beta oxidation into acetyl CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the purpose of the aconitase enzyme in step two?

A

prevent acetyl-CoA -> glucose

citrate -> isocitrate
(aconitase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What two minerals support the function of the aconitase enzyme?

A

Iron and sulfur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What food are rich in iron?

A

Spinach, red meat, raisins, dried apricots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What foods are rich in sulfur?

A

Cruciferous vegetables, eggs, asparagus, onions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the allosteric enzyme in the TCA cycle?

A

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

isocitrate + NAD -> a-ketoglutarate + NADH+H + CO2
(isocitrate dehydrogenase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What two compounds, if they build up, inhibit isocitrate dehydrogenase?

A

NADH and ATP

23
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that uses all the same co-enzymes as pyruvate dehydrogenase?

A

Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

24
Q

Name the enzyme that converts pyruvate to OAA, and its coenzymes

A

Pyruvate carboxylase
ATP + biotin

25
Q

Name the high energy compound made in the step succinyl CoA -> succinate

A

GTP
(enzyme: succinate thiokinase)

26
Q

What complex in the cytochrome chain contains the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase?

A

Complex II

27
Q

What is the location in the mitochondria of most Kreb’s cycle enzymes?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

28
Q

What is the coenzyme for the enzyme fumarase?

A

H2O (in)

29
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that converts malate to OAA?

A

Malate dehydrogenase

30
Q

What coenzyme is needed for malate dehydrogenase to convert malate to OAA?

A

NAD+

31
Q

What do ketogenic compounds enter Kreb’s cycle as?

A

Acetyl CoA

32
Q

Name the amino acids that are ONLY ketogenic

A

lysine, leucine

33
Q

Name the amino acids that are both ketogenic and gluconeogenic

A

Phenylalanine, isoleucine, tyrosine, tryptophan

34
Q

Where do gluconeogenic amino acids enter the Kreb’s cycle?

A

Other intermediates

35
Q

What amino acids enter as pyruvate?

A

Alanine, glycine, cysteine, serine, threonine, tryptophan

36
Q

What amino acids enter as alpha ketoglutarate?

A

Histidine, arginine, proline, glutamate, glutamine

37
Q

What enzyme is used for the amino acids entering as alpha ketoglutarate?

A

SGPT

38
Q

What amino acids enter as succinyl CoA?

A

Valine, isoleucine, methionine

39
Q

What amino acids enter as fumarate?

A

Phenylalanine, aspartate, tyrosine

40
Q

What amino acids enter as oxaloacetate?

A

Aspartate, asparagine

41
Q

What enzyme is used for amino acids entering as oxaloacetate?

A

SGOT/aspartate transaminase

42
Q

What is the energy yield for 1 acetyl CoA when Kreb’s and ETC are combined without accounting for heat?

A

12

43
Q

What is the energy yield for 1 acetyl CoA when Kreb’s and ETC are combined with accounting for heat?

A

10

44
Q

What is the total energy yield for aerobic glycolysis (depending on shuttle) without accounting for heat?

A

36 or 38

45
Q

What is the total energy yield for aerobic glycolysis (depending on shuttle) accounting for heat?

A

30 or 32

46
Q

What three substances decrease the action of pyruvate dehydrogenase by end product inhibition?

A

NADH, acetyl CoA, ATP

47
Q

What type of diet increases the concentration of OAA?

A

High carbohydrates

48
Q

What is the impact of high carbohydrates in the diet on the rate of the TCA cycle?

A

Increases the rate

49
Q

Why does a high alcohol diet slow the rate of the Kreb’s cycle?

A

Lots of NADH with alcohol dehydrogenase

50
Q

What is the impact of high levels of citric acid on glycolysis?

A

Shuts off phosphofructokinase

51
Q

What pathway is turned on by high levels of citrate in the cytoplasm

A

Fat synthesis

52
Q

What is the impact of lack of exercise on the Kreb’s cycle?

A

Increases ATP which turns off the cycle

53
Q

What cycle in the liver is connected with the Kreb’s cycle?

A

Urea cycle

Biochem II NYCC (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions