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SON111 Writing Assignments > Kreamkau Chapter 4 - Key Terms > Flashcards

Kreamkau Chapter 4 - Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

A mode

A

mode of operation in which the display presents echo amplitude versus depth

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2
Q

Amplification

A

the process by which small voltages are increased to larger ones

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3
Q

Amplifer

A

a device that accomplishes amplification

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4
Q

Analog

A

related to a procedure or system in which data are represented by proportional continuous wave

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5
Q

Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)

A

A device that converts voltage amplitude to a number

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6
Q

B Mode

A

Mode of operation in which the display presents a spot of appropriate brightness for each echo received by the transducer

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7
Q

B Scan

A

A B-mode image that represents an anatomic cross-section through the scanning plane

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8
Q

Bandpass filter

A

Function of the signal processor. Filter that passes a range of frequencies (its bandwidth) and rejects those above and below the acceptance bandwidth

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9
Q

Beam former

A

The part of an instrument that accomplishes electronic beam scanning, apodization, steering, focusing, and aperture with arrays

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10
Q

Bistable

A

Having two possible states (e.g., on or off, white or black, one or zero)

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11
Q

Bit

A

Bit Binary digit; one or zero

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12
Q

Channel

A

A single one- or two-way path for transmitting electric signals, in distinction from other parallel paths; an independent transmission delay line and transducer element path; an independent reception transducer element, amplifier, analog-to-digital converter, and delay line path

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13
Q

Cine loop

A

Sequential display of all the frames stored in memory at a controllable frame rate

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14
Q

Coed excitation

A

A sophisticated form of transmission in which the driving voltage pulses have intrapulse variations in amplitude, frequency, and/or pulse

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15
Q

Comensation

A

Equalization of received echo amplitude differences caused by different attenuations for different reflector depths

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16
Q

Compression

A

Reduction in differences between small and large amplitudes. Region of high density and pressure in a compressional wave

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17
Q

Contrast Resolution

A

Ability of a gray-scale display to distinguish between echoes of slightly different intensities

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18
Q

Demodulation

A

Detection

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19
Q

Depth Gain Compensation

A

Equalization of received echo amplitude differences caused by different attenuations for different reflector depths

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20
Q

Detection

A

Conversion of voltage pulses from radio frequency to video form

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21
Q

Digital

A

Digital Related to a procedure or system in which data are represented by numeric digits

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22
Q

Digital to Analog Converter

A

A device that converts a number to a proportional voltage amplitude

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23
Q

Display

A

A device that presents a visual image derived from voltages received from an image processor

24
Q

Dynamic range

A

Ratio (in decibels) of largest to smallest power that a system can handle; ratio of the largest to smallest intensity of echoes encountered

25
Q

Elastography

A

Imaging tissue stiffness by tracking movement under mechanical stress

26
Q

Flat-panel display

A

A back-lighted rectangular matrix of thousands of liquid crystal display elements

27
Q

Frame

A

A single image produced by one complete scan of the sound beam

28
Q

Frame rate

A

Number of frames of echo information stored each second

29
Q

Freeze-frame

A

Constant display of one of the frames in memory

30
Q

Gain

A

Ratio (in decibels) of amplifier output to input electric power

31
Q

Gray scale

A

Range of brightnesses (gray levels) between white and black

32
Q

Image memory

A

The part of the image processor where echo information is stored in image format

33
Q

Image Processor

A

An electronic device that manipulates and prepares images for visual presentation

34
Q

Lateral gain control

A

Gain controls that enable different gain values to be applied laterally across an image to compensate for differing attenuation values in different anatomic regions

35
Q

M Mode

A

A B-mode presentation of changing reflector position (motion) vs time

36
Q

Panoramic imaging

A

The extension of the field of view beyond the normal limits of a transducer scan plane

37
Q

Persistence

A

Averaging sequential frames together

38
Q

Picture archiving and communications systems (PACS)

A

The system provides means for electronically communicating images and associated information to work stations and devices external to the sonographic instrument, the examining room, and even the building in which the scanning is done

39
Q

Pixel

A

Picture element; the unit into which imaging information is divided for storage and display in a digital instrument

40
Q

Postprocessing

A

Image processing done after storage in the memory

41
Q

Preprocessing

A

Signal and image processing accomplished before storage in the memory

42
Q

Radio frequency (RF)

A

Voltages representing echoes in cyclic form

43
Q

Real-time

A

Imaging with a rapid frame sequence display

44
Q

Real-time display

A

A display that, with a sufficient frame rate, appears to image moving structures or a changing scan plane continuously

45
Q

Refresh rate

A

The number of times each second that information is sent from the image memory to the display. The number of times per second that a computer monitor redraws the information found in the memory`

46
Q

Scan line

A

A line produced on a display that represents ultrasonic echoes returning from the body. A sonographic image is composed of many such lines

47
Q

Scanning

A

The sweeping of a sound beam through the anatomy to produce an image

48
Q

Shear wave (transverse wave)

A

A sound wave in which the particle motion is perpendicular to the direction of wave travel

49
Q

Signal

A

Information-bearing voltages in an electric circuit; an acoustic, visual, electric, or other conveyance of information. The physical representation of a message or information

50
Q

Signal processor

A

An electronic device that manipulates electric signals in preparation for appropriate presentation of information contained in them

51
Q

Spatial compounding

A

Averaging of frames that view the anatomy from different angles

52
Q

Strain

A

The increase or decrease of the length of a segment of a material, subjected to a stress, divided by its original length

53
Q

Stress

A

A force per unit area applied to a material that compresses or stretches it

54
Q

Temporal resolution

A

Ability to distinguish closely spaced events in time; improves with increased frame rate

55
Q

TGC

A

Equalization of echo amplitude differences caused by different attenuations for different reflector depths

56
Q

Volume imaging

A

Three-dimensional imaging

57
Q

Young’s modulus

A

A measure of the hardness (stiffness) of a material. It is the ratio of the applied stress to the resulting strain in a material subjected to the stress

SON111 Writing Assignments (7 decks)

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