Kramer-Kile et al. : the Illness Experience (ch.3)

Question 1

SATA: Chronic illness affects…

a. family perspectives
b. self-image
c. relationships
d. behaviours

Answer 1

B, C and D

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE:

Illness is defined by the pt and their family’s lived experience, and includes “the meaning that the pt gives to the experience”, which remains constant through the illness.

Answer 2

FALSE

[first part is correct]… which VARIES over time!

Question 3

SATA:

Kramer-Kile: Illness behaviour is influenced by…

a. societal expectations
b. health status
c. disease symptoms
d. personal expectations

Answer 3

A, B and D

Question 4

TRUE OR FALSE

Illness experiences and corresponding behaviours are represented through the biomedical lens (disease/patho) of illness by Kramer-Kile et al.

Answer 4

FALSE

Through sociological view of illness!

Question 5

“I developed the ‘Sick Role’ concept by building on Henry Sigerist’s essay on ‘special position of the sick’”

Who am I?

Answer 5

Talcott Parsons (1951)

Question 6

SATA:

According to Parsons, sickness is…

a. dysfunctional and a deviance from society
b. uniquely defined by the patient and their family’s lived experiences
c. a response to social pressure that permits one to avoid social responsibilities

Answer 6

A and C

(Parson’s was a structural-functionalist, viewing health as a functional prerequisite of society)

Question 7

The 4 major components of the Sick Role include…

Answer 7

1. person is EXEMPT from normal social roles
2. person is NOT responsible for own condition
3. person has OBLIGATION to want to get well
4. person has OBLIGATION to seek and cooperate with technically competent help

Question 8

TRUE OR FALSE

Parson’s concept of the Sick Role is still relevant today.

Answer 8

FALSE

His concept was based on the nature of society in earlier times and the nature of illness without considering illness contexts like self-care, self-management and collaboration with HCPs to obtain optimal health

Question 9

“Using Parson’s work as a basis, I proposed that illness behaviours as symptoms being perceived, evaluated, and acted (or not acted) on differently by different persons”

Who am I?

Answer 9

Mechanic (1962)

Question 10

“We identified 3 types of health-related behaviour: Health, Illness, and Sick Role”

Who are we?

Answer 10

Kasl and Cobb (1966)

Question 11

According to Kasl and Cobb, the Health Behaviour is anything an ________ person does to prevent or detect a disease.

Answer 11

Asymptomatic

Question 12

The Illness Behaviour is any activity done by a person who feels ill in order to _____ their state of health and discover a suitable _____. (Kasl and Cobb)

Answer 12

define; remedy

Question 13

The Sick Role behaviour is any activity an ill person does to ____ _____. (Kasl and Cobb)

Answer 13

get well

Question 14

“We suggested that instead of defining illness behaviours in illness/health/sick role categories, it is more helpful to look at it on a continuum”

Who are we?

Answer 14

McHugh and Vallis (1986)

Question 15

The two theories that have dominated ILLNESS PERCEPTION research are…

Answer 15

1. the explanatory model (Kleinmann, 1985)
2. illness representations (Leventhal et al., 2001)

Question 16

Klienmann associated explanatory models with _________ while Leventhal et al. based their research on _________.

However, both argue that illness has both ____ and ___ representations.

Answer 16

Mental illness; psychological theory.

cognitive; emotional

Question 17

Kramer-Kile uses ___________’s theories to define illness perceptions.

a. Kleinmann
b. Leventhal et al.

Answer 17

B

Question 18

Illness perceptions and illness representations (interchangeable!) refer to how the _____ views their illness. Representation belongs to AND are interpreted by pts and may not conform to scientific beliefs.

Answer 18

Pt and their family

Question 19

SATA:

Illness perceptions and beliefs of pt and families, emotional responses and coping are moulded by…

a. everyday social interactions
b. past experiences
c. cultures
d. quality of nursing care
e. knowledge of diagnosis

Answer 19

A, B and C

Question 20

Illness Perception Questionnaire; Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire assess what 2 responses to illness?

Answer 20

1. Cognitive
2. Emotional

Question 21

Helman’s definition of culture: A set of guidelines (both _____ and _____) individuals use to view the world and tell them what behaviours are appropriate.

Answer 21

Implicit and explicit

Question 22

The culture of poverty helps develop social and psychological traits. The mindset of those who are poor are _____. Illness is not a priority unless it incapacitates.

Answer 22

Present-moment

Question 23

SATA:

Other factors that influence illness behaviour and perceptions include:

a. gender
b. older age
c. socio-economic status
d. marital status

Answer 23

A, B and D

Question 24

TRUE OR FALSE

Past experiences that influence illness behaviours include parents’ response to own illness and parents’ response to child’s illness.

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

1 - Charmaz coined the term “_____”.

FOUR types of behaviours that pts with illness experience:

Men coped differently by “_____” in limiting effects of illness in their lives.

Answer 25

“Loss of self” ; “preserving self”

(chronically ill pts feel a loss of self–image, social isolation; a burden to others and a loss of self without development of a new valued self)

Question 26

2 - Anderson’s “_______” Similar to Charmaz, but focuses on how WOMEN living with chronic illness feel the need to reconstruct a “NEW self” due to…. (SATA)

FOUR types of behaviours that pts with illness experience:

a. need for reassessment of self and feel sense of being revalued by the world
b. losing sense of self to chronic illness
c. negative interactions with HCPs and marginalization/cultural barriers

Answer 26

“Devalued self”

A and C

Question 27

3 - Townsend, Wyke and Hunt’s “_______”.

FOUR types of behaviours that pts with illness experience:

Pts with chronic illness felt need to demonstrate “moral worth” and it was a “moral obligation” to manage their symptoms.

Answer 27

“Moral work”

Question 28

4 - Isaksson, Gunnarsson and Ahlstrom’s “_____”.

FOUR types of behaviours that pts with illness experience:

It was a natural response to a tragedy instead of being neurotic. Their study developed 7 themes.

Answer 28

“Chronic sorrow”

Question 29

SATA: The 7 themes of “Chronic sorrow” (Isaksson et al.) include: loss of…

a. hope; faith that life is just; freedom (3)
b. sanity; clarity (2)
c. control of the body; a healthy identity (2)
d. Integrity and dignity; social relations (2)
e. self; healthy coping mechanisms (2)

Answer 29

A, C and D

Question 30

TRUE OR FALSE:

Legitimization of illness by HCPs is important for pts in order for pts find identity in illness and validate self-concept and illness perceptions and behaviours.

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

1 - “good patients” (compliant, cooperative) and “problematic/nonadherent” patients are labels of social expectations that fit into the traditional biomedical model of illness being acute and curable.

TRUE OR FALSE:

(3) Professional responses to illness behaviour and roles:

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

2 - Patients with Ch. illness are “experts” in their self-care can be threatening to health care professionals. Role of the nurse should be to empower.

TRUE OR FALSE:

(3) Professional responses to illness behaviour and roles:

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

3 - Role clarity is not a problem for nurses working with chronically ill patients.

TRUE OR FALSE:

(3) Professional responses to illness behaviour and roles:

Answer 33

FALSE

Role clarity is important in order for nurses to work in a flexible, collaborative partnership with patients who are “experts” in their chronic illness.