Krafts- Principles of malignant hematopathology

Question 1

Leukemia or lymphoma?
Malignancy of hematopoietic cells
Starts in the BONE  MARROW
Myeloid or lymphoid
acute or chronic

Answer 1

Leukemia

Question 2

What are the characteristics of lymphoma?

Answer 2

Malignancy of hematopoietic cells
Starts in the lymph nodes
lymphoid only, can spread to blood, marrow
Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin

Question 3

What are the main types of leukemias?

Answer 3

Acute and chronic

Question 4

What are the main types of lymphomas?

Answer 4

Hodgkin and non-hodgkin

Question 5

Multiple myelomas is a….

Answer 5

plasma cell disorder

Question 6

What are the 2 myeloid leukemias and the 5 lymphoid leukemias?

Answer 6

Myeloid: AML, AML

Lymphoid: ALL, CLL, HL, NHL, MM

Question 7

How is a bone marrow biopsy performed?

Answer 7

Have a pt lay on their stomach. Feel for their superior iliac crest. Numb skin and cortex of bone that is innervated. Twist Jamshidi needle down until it gives away. Remove Stilet–> hollow needle. Twist needle down until you have 1-2 inches of marrow in the needle. Remove needle and push sample out.

Question 8

What samples are obtained from a bone marrow biopsy?

Answer 8

From the biopsy it’s possible to deduce cellularity (infant, middle, elder) and whether or not there are aggregates or cells that shouldn’t be there.

Question 9

What stain highlights the monocyte lineage?

Answer 9

Cytochemial stain: non-specific esterase

Question 10

What is immunophenotyping?

Answer 10

Typically used to determine CD3 and CD8 count. Immunophenotyping will tell you the concentration of cells with that particular CD on it.

Question 11

What are cytogenic studies?

Answer 11

Looks at karyotype. Gives a great overview of chromosomes and whether or not there is a translocation, inversion, deletion, etc.

Question 12

What is the key if you want to do a PCR of a bone biopsy?

Answer 12

You have to know what you’re looking for so you can use the right primers to segregate out the right piece of DNA.