Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IHO Week 3 > Krafts- Acute myeloid leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes > Flashcards

Krafts- Acute myeloid leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the differences between acute and chronic leukemia?

A

sudden onset vs. slow onset
occur in adults or children vs. adults only
rapidly fatal w/out tx vs. longer course
composed of immature cells vs composed of mature cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are lymphoid leukemias?

A

ALL

CLL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are myeloid leukemias?

A

AML

CML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What causes acute leukemia and what does it lead to?

A

Clonal expansion
Maturation failure

Leads to….
Crowding out of normal cells
Inhibit normal cell function
Infiltrate to other organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the clinical findings of acute leukemia?

A

Sudden onset (days)
Bone marrow failure–> fatigue (anemia), infections (WBC), bleeding (throbocytopenia)
Bone pain
Organ infiltration (liver, spleen adn brain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the characteristic lab findings of acute leukemia?

A

Blasts/immature cells in blood
Leukocytosis
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do you treat acute leukemia?

A

Chemo

bone marrow transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the prognosis for acute leukemia?

A

DISMAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What translocations make the prognosis for acute leukemia better and what makes it worse?

A

t (8:21)
inv (16)
t (15;17)

**FLT-3, therapy-related worse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia?

A

Malignant proliferation of myeloid blasts in blood, bone marrow

20% cutoff–20% of nucleated cells must be malignant

Many subtypes

Bad prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do you use to diagnose Acute myeloid leukemia?

A 
Cytochemistry
Immunochemistry
Cytogenetics (Flow cytometry)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What morphology is common to AML?

A

Dysngranulopoesis–Granulocytes that “look funny”
Auer Rods
Blast cells from the monocytic series

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What to AML’s only have increased myeloblasts, and what are the differences between these two?

A

M0- AML minimally differentiated
bland myeloblasts, MPO negative

M1- AML without maturation
auer rods, MPO positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which AML is associated with maturing neutrophils?

A

M2- acute myeloblastic leukemia w/ maturation

Myeloblats and some maturing neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What translocatin is associated w/ M2?

A

t (8;21)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What AML is associated with Faggot cells and DIC?

A

M3- acute promyelolytic leukemia
Increased numbers of promyelocytes
Faggot cells- tons of auer rods
Contains DIC granules that are pro-coagnulant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a complication often caused by DIC?

A

If these cells break granules are released that are pro-coagulant–> clotting–> clotting factors are used up–> bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What translocation is associated w/ M3?

A

t (15,17)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the treatment for M3 and what does it do?

A

All-trans retinoic acid

Removes block on pro-myelocyte maturation

20
Q

What AMLs effect the neutrophillic series?

A

MO-M3

MO-M1 = blasts
M2= blasts + maturing neutrophils
M3= pro-myelocytes
21
Q

What AMLs effect the monocytic series?

A

M4

M5

22
Q

What AMLS effect the erythroid series?

A

M6

23
Q

What AMLs effect the megakaryocyte series?

A

M7

24
Q

What is the difference between M4 and M5?

A

M4- acute MYELOmonocytic leukemia (increased myelo and mono cells)

M5- acute MONOcytic leukemia
Increased mono cells

25
Q

What types of tumors are often seen with M4 and where are they seen?

A

Extramedullary tumor masses

CNS, gums, testes

26
Q

What inv is associated with M4 and what is it indicative of?

A

Inv 16

Better prognosis

27
Q

What stain can be used to diagnose M5 that is specific to monocytes?

A

NSE (non-specific esterase)

28
Q

What types of tumor masses are seen with M5?

A

Extramedullary tumor masses

29
Q

M6 is associated with….

A

Increased erythroblasts and myeloblasts

30
Q

What is a common feature of M6?

A

Dyserythropoiesis–funny looking RBCs, bubbly vaculization

31
Q

M7 is associated w/

A

acute megakaryoblastic leukemia

Increased megakaryocytes
bland blates

32
Q

Is M7 positive or negative for MPO?

A

negative—need markers

33
Q

AML w/ FLT-3 mutations is associated w/ what enzyme? Is present in how many cases? Effects what cells? Prognosis?

A

Tyrosine kinase

1/3 of all cases

Monocytic cells

Poor prognosis d/t faster cell growth and more relapse

34
Q

What is AML w/ multilineage dysplasia?

A

More than one cell line (multi-lineage) has abnormal cell changes (dysplasia)

>20% blasts + dysplasia in >2 cell lines
Severe pancytopenia (all cells lack)
35
Q

Multilineage dysplasia is often seen in what population? What chromosomal abnormalities is it associated with? Prognosis?

A

Elderly

5,7

Poor prognosis

36
Q

Therapy related AML is often associated with what two chemo drugs?

A

Busulfan- alkylating agent

Etoposide- Topo II inhibitor

37
Q

What chromosomal abnormalities are associated with drug related AML? Is it hard to treat? When does it occur?

A

5, 7, 11q 23

VERY Hard to treat

Usually occurs 2-5 years after chemo

38
Q

t(8;21)
AML?
Prognosis?

A

M2
Maturing neutrophils
better prognosis

39
Q

inv(16)
AML?
Prognosis?

A

M4
monocytes
better prognosis

40
Q

t (15;17)
AML?
Prognosis?

A

M3
promyelocytes (faggot, DIC)
Better prognosis

41
Q

11q23
AML?
Prognosis?

A

Usually seen in AMLs w/ monocytic component

1/3 of all AML cases

42
Q

FLT-3
AML?
Prognosis?

A

Worse prognosis often seen w/ monocytes

43
Q

What is MDS?

A

Myelodysplastic syndrome is a problem with myeloid stem cells –> dysmyelopoiesis–> increased blasts–> can evolve to acute leukemia

44
Q

Clinically, MDS is observed in what pt population and what are the common sxs?

A

Elderly

Asymptomatic or bone marrow failure

45
Q

What type of anemia is associated MDS and what are the common dysplasias?

A

Macrocytic anemia

Dysplasia:
RBC- megaloblastic neuclei, fragmentation
Neutrophils- hypogranulation, hyposegmentaiton
Megakaryocytes- small, non-lobulated cells

46
Q

What is the tx for low/high grade MDS?

A

low- support, follow

high- aggressive

IHO Week 3 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions