KR&KJ Flashcards
Feudal System
How England was organised in Medieval times. The King owned the land and it was subdivided to lesser groups in society.
Angevin Empire
The territory that King Richard I and King John enjoyed due to their mother and marriages. It was land in England, Normandy and territory to the south of Normandy.
A Crusade
A Holy journey sponsored by the Pope, carried out to crush enemies of Christianity in the Holy Land. Throughout Medieval times.
The Holy Land
The Holy Land was Jerusalem, a place of central importance to Christianity, Judaism and Islam.
Normandy
and in the north of modern day France that belonged to the Kings of England. John lost control of this territory.
The Pope
The head of the Catholic Christian Church. In Medieval times he had power equal to any King of the country and demanded loyalty.
Interdict
A ban on Church festivities; for example attending Sunday services or burying loved ones in a Churchyard.
Excommunication
Getting kicked out of the Catholic Church. In Medieval times, this made you an enemy of God, punishable by death or war. Excommunications were very severe punishments handed out by the Pope.
Magna Carta
A document that guaranteed certain rights that the Barons/Lords of England made King John sign in 1215.
John would seek their advice when making his decisions to do with the government of the country and that people would receive a fair trial and not just be victims of John’s “arbitrary power”
William Marshall, Lord Protector
He was protector of the young King who took over after John’s death in 1216. He did a number of things to end the war between supporters of Prince Louis and supporters of Prince John, which finally ended after the Battle of Lincoln in 1217.
1187
Richard agreed to go on the 3rd Crusade.
1189
Richard was crowned King of England and left for the Crusade three months late
1192
Richard failed to capture Jerusalem and was kidnapped on his way back. A ransom was paid to release him
1199
By 1199, Richard had gained back land in Normandy his Uncle Philip of France had stolen. He died this year.
1200
John divorced his wife to marry Isabella of Angouleme. This inspired an attack on his territory in Normandy.
1204
By 1204, John had lost a series of battles and most of his land in France. He was raising lots of taxes in England.
1205
John began a falling out with the Pope. The Pope would eventually use an interdict against England and excommunicate John
1215
John was a refusing to cooperate with his Lords, so they rebelled against him. They forced him to sign Magna Carta.
1216
John died during a Civil War between his supporters and supporters of Prince Louis who had been invited to become King of England by the Barons.
