KQ1 Flashcards
Woodrow Wilson Opinion
dont be too harsh
( g might seek revenge/ comunists exploit resetmet ad
seize power in G)
strengthen democracy in defeated countrties
(people choose leaders and avoid war)
give self determiatio to small coutries taht used to e part of empires
iteratioal cooperation (14 point)
Lloyd George Opinion
punish G but not too harshly
(so g dot revenge, avoid comuism like comuist revolutio
russia 1917, B trade to continue (jobs for B))
wated G to loose coloies ad navy because it threatened British Empire
14 points threteed empire to some extect (eg. rule themselves)
British Opinion
fed anti german propaganda for years
seen how germany treated russia 1918 when surrendered (Brest-Litoksk ) took 25% of population and agricultural land
Lloyd George got uto power by promising G pay
George Clemenceu
wanted to take oportunity to crpple Germany
over 2/3 of men who had served were dead or wounded
germany wasnt so badly affected as F ( F population -> 40 million, G -> 75 million)
disagree w wilson, USA hadn’t suffered in ww1
disagree w LLoyd because he only looked out for his interest
The Big Three
George Clemenceau (France Prime Minister)
Lloyd George ( British “ “)
Woodrow Wilson (USA “ “ )
Paris Peace Conference
lasted 12 months
32 nations supposed to be represented bt no one from defeated countries invited
5 treates made (G+allies)
big three supported by army of diplomats and advisors but usually ignored them
TOV terms
war guilt - accept blame for starting war
reparations (6.6 billion)
territories and colonies - saar LON, rhine demilitarised, alacelorraine to france, can’t join austria, oversees empire taken, colonies controlled by LON
-
lost 10% of land in europe, its oversees colonies, 12.5% of population, 16% of coalfields and alsmos hal of iron and steal industry
armed forces - 100,000 men, conscrption baned, no armed vehicels, aircraft ad sumarines, 6 battelships
LON- police force, G not invited
(didnt consult G)
Germay Reacts to TOV
-the war gov. had been overthrown and the new democratic one expected a fair treaty
-when terms were anounced they were horrified
refused to sign and sanked their own ships in protest
war guilt - felt blame should at least be shared
reparations - economy was already severely weakened
disarmament - army was symbol of german pride and none of allies forced to disarm on same scale
german territory -
further weakened economy, helped B&F increase empires
14 points - g not treated acordingly, self determinaion not given, wasnt part of LON, no one else was disarming
non-representation - forced to accept a harsh treaty without choice or comment, which they found especially unfair because they didnt think they had lost the war
TOV consequences for Germany
Political violence - KAPP PUTSCH (defeated by general strike that paralysed essential services)
1922 Germany foreign minister murdered
1923 Hitler attempted rebelion in munish (defeated)
1922 didnt pay reparations on time, so french and belgans took was was owed iin materials. A strike proceeded, leading to hyperinflation and some deaths
GERMANY BLAMED TOV FOR ALL PROBLEMS; EVEN IF THEY HAD LITTLE TO DO W IT
was TOV fair?
NOT FAIR - peacemakers blind ad selfish
reparations too high
treated differently
gov had changed
other treaties were less harsh
FAIR - not harsh enough (russia 1918)
economic problems self infliceted (didnt raise taxes, would pay debt with defeated countries reparations)
other treaties worse
TREATY OF ST GERMAIN
AUSTRIA 1919
separated austria from germay ad divided terretories
army restricted to 30,000
forbidden to unite w G
empire was alr collapsed, treaty was used to sort out caotic jumble of territories more than punish
italy believed it should have been given more land for supporting allies
Austria struggled economically because its industries were gone
TREATY OF NEUILLY
BULGARIA 1919
small punishment for small role in war
limit forces to 20,000
pay 100 million in reparations
governed by foreign powers
TREATY OF TRIANON
Hungary 1920
transfer of territories
lost large amount of land and population (3 million Hungarians gone)
should have payed reparations but economy was so weak it never did
TREATY OF SEVERES
TURKEY 1920
lost 80% of land and empire broken up
governed by foreign powers
tax system, budget and finance controlled by allies
army restricetd to 50,000, navy restricted, no air force
angered and humiliated
TREATY OF SEVRES AIMS
the people wanted independence
italy wanted turkish territory as a reward
France wanted territory
B, I, F signed secret TRIPARTITE AGREEMENT 1920 protecting their comercial interests
Treaty of LAUSANNE 1923 recognised changes in the treaty and fixed turkish borders
