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SAM 2 > Koster Final > Flashcards

Koster Final Flashcards

1
Q

What breeds have an increased risk for MCT?

A

Brachycephalics

Goldens

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2
Q

What is the enzyme associated with mast cells?

A

Cathepsin

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3
Q

Where do MCT metastasize to?

A

Regional LN

Then spleen

Then liver

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4
Q

MCT stage: Excised skin tumor

A

Stage 0

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5
Q

MCT stage: Dermal mass, no regional LN involvement (N0)

A

Stage 1

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6
Q

MCT stage: Dermal mass, regional LN involved (N1)

A

Stage 2

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7
Q

MCT stage: Infiltrating/multiple dermal masses (N0, N1)

A

Stage 3

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8
Q

MCT stage: Spread to liver/spleen, bone marrow. With or w/o systemic signs

A

Stage 4

Substage “a” without systemic signs

Substage “b” with systemic signs

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9
Q

What situations would it be necessary to do chemo for MCT?

A

All high grade tumors without histologic tumor free margins

Stage ≥ 3

Surgically inoperable

C-kit negative

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10
Q

What is the standard of care for treating hemangiosarcomas?

A

Surgery and chemo

MST = 4-6m

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11
Q

What chemo agent is used for hemangiosarcoma?

A

Doxorubricin

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12
Q

What is the most common site for osteosarcomas?

A

Distal radius

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13
Q

What is the most common site for osteosarcoma in small breed dogs?

A

Femur

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14
Q

What osteosarcoma location has the worst prognosis?

A

Proximal humerus

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15
Q

What percent of mammary gland tumors in cats and dogs are malignant?

A

50% in dogs

80-90% in cats

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16
Q

At what PCV should you perform an transfusion in dogs and cats if the disease is acute?

A

Dogs = <14

Cats = <10

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17
Q

What are the three things that can cause schistocytes?

A

Heartworm

Hemangiosarcoma

DIC

18
Q

Acanthocytes are associated with what conditions?

A

Hepatopathy

Hypothyroid

19
Q

What condition is spherocytes associated with?

A

IMHA

20
Q

What is the indication for performing buccal mucosal bleeding time?

A

Hemostatic abnormalities but platelet count > 70k

21
Q

Which tumors are associated with hypercalcemia?

A

Lymphoma

Anal sac

Myeloma

22
Q

What clinical signs are associated with hypercalcemia?

A

PU/PD

Anorexia, vomiting, constipation

Muscle weakness, tremors, lethargy

Hypovolemia, bradycardia, dysrhythmias

23
Q

What drug should not be used with lymphoma?

A

Prednisone

24
Q

What tumors are associated with hypoglycemia?

A

Insulinoma

Hepatic neoplasia

Leiomyoma

25
Q

What is the drug of choice for treating hypoglycemia?

A

Diazoxide

26
Q

What drug is used for insulinomas?

A

Streptozocin

27
Q

Anemia is a prognosticator for what type of cancer?

A

Lymphoma

28
Q

T/F: The higher the growth fraction, the greater the efficacy of chemotherapy

A

True

29
Q

What tumor characteristics are ideal to treat?

A

Small

Rapidly growing

30
Q

How many cells does a tumor need to have in order to be palpable?

A

109

31
Q

How do alkylating agents work and what is an example?

A

Create cross-linked DNA with strand breaks

Ex: cyclophosphamide

32
Q

How do antitumor antibiotics work and give an example

A

DNA intercalation, interfere with topoisomerases

Ex: anthracyclines

33
Q

How do mitotic inhibitors work and give an example

A

Inhibit assembly (vinca alkaloids) or disassembly (paclitaxel)

34
Q

How do platinum compounds work and give an example

A

Cross-link DNA

Ex: carboplatin

35
Q

How do anti-metabolites work and what is an example

A

Incorporated into DNA, interfere with transcription or translation

Ex: methotrexate

36
Q

What is an example of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)?

A

Toceranib

37
Q

What drug is used to treat TVT?

A

Vincristine

38
Q

What drug is used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia?

A

Hydroxyurea

39
Q

What drug is used in combination with surgery and/or radiation to treat osteosarcoma?

A

Carboplatin

40
Q

What drug is used in combination with surgery and/or radiation to treat undifferentiated sarcomas?

A

Doxorubricin

41
Q
A

SAM 2 (6 decks)

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