Koster Final Flashcards by Kate Behnke

What breeds have an increased risk for MCT?

Brachycephalics

Goldens

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What is the enzyme associated with mast cells?

Cathepsin

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Where do MCT metastasize to?

Regional LN

Then spleen

Then liver

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MCT stage: Excised skin tumor

Stage 0

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MCT stage: Dermal mass, no regional LN involvement (N0)

Stage 1

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MCT stage: Dermal mass, regional LN involved (N1)

Stage 2

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MCT stage: Infiltrating/multiple dermal masses (N0, N1)

Stage 3

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MCT stage: Spread to liver/spleen, bone marrow. With or w/o systemic signs

Stage 4

Substage “a” without systemic signs

Substage “b” with systemic signs

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What situations would it be necessary to do chemo for MCT?

All high grade tumors without histologic tumor free margins

Stage ≥ 3

Surgically inoperable

C-kit negative

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What is the standard of care for treating hemangiosarcomas?

Surgery and chemo

MST = 4-6m

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What chemo agent is used for hemangiosarcoma?

Doxorubricin

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What is the most common site for osteosarcomas?

Distal radius

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What is the most common site for osteosarcoma in small breed dogs?

Femur

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What osteosarcoma location has the worst prognosis?

Proximal humerus

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What percent of mammary gland tumors in cats and dogs are malignant?

50% in dogs

80-90% in cats

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At what PCV should you perform an transfusion in dogs and cats if the disease is acute?

Dogs = <14

Cats = <10

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What are the three things that can cause schistocytes?

Heartworm

Hemangiosarcoma

DIC

Acanthocytes are associated with what conditions?

Hepatopathy

Hypothyroid

What condition is spherocytes associated with?

IMHA

What is the indication for performing buccal mucosal bleeding time?

Hemostatic abnormalities but platelet count > 70k

Which tumors are associated with hypercalcemia?

Lymphoma

Anal sac

Myeloma

What clinical signs are associated with hypercalcemia?

PU/PD

Anorexia, vomiting, constipation

Muscle weakness, tremors, lethargy

Hypovolemia, bradycardia, dysrhythmias

What drug should not be used with lymphoma?

Prednisone

What tumors are associated with hypoglycemia?

Insulinoma

Hepatic neoplasia

Leiomyoma

What is the drug of choice for treating hypoglycemia?

Diazoxide

What drug is used for insulinomas?

Streptozocin

Anemia is a prognosticator for what type of cancer?

Lymphoma

T/F: The higher the growth fraction, the greater the efficacy of chemotherapy

True

What tumor characteristics are ideal to treat?

Small Rapidly growing

How many cells does a tumor need to have in order to be palpable?

10⁹

How do alkylating agents work and what is an example?

Create cross-linked DNA with strand breaks Ex: cyclophosphamide

How do antitumor antibiotics work and give an example

DNA intercalation, interfere with topoisomerases Ex: anthracyclines

How do mitotic inhibitors work and give an example

Inhibit assembly (vinca alkaloids) or disassembly (paclitaxel)

How do platinum compounds work and give an example

Cross-link DNA Ex: carboplatin

How do anti-metabolites work and what is an example

Incorporated into DNA, interfere with transcription or translation Ex: methotrexate

What is an example of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)?

Toceranib

What drug is used to treat TVT?

Vincristine

What drug is used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia?

Hydroxyurea

What drug is used in combination with surgery and/or radiation to treat osteosarcoma?

Carboplatin

What drug is used in combination with surgery and/or radiation to treat undifferentiated sarcomas?

Doxorubricin