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Korean War Flashcards

1
Q

How did China contribute to the outbreak of the Korean War

A

-Offered enthusiastic support from May 1950
-Wanted to show their importance as a communist leader
-Had a large army after the civil war - 1949
-Invaded at the Yala River - Oct 1950

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2
Q

How did Russia contribute to the outbreak of the Korean War

A

-Wanted to support the North but avoid a war with America
-Feared the A Bomb
-In March 1950 Stalin approved a NK attack on the South

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3
Q

How did the USA contribute to the outbreak of the Korean War

A

-Wanted to support Rhee and keep the South free of communists - sent mixed messages
-Defence Perimeter Strategy - Dean Acheron failed to specify whether Korea was included
-Senator Connally also made a public speech which seemed to suggest the US wouldn’t challenge the North if they invaded
-1950 Republican Congress rejected a bill to send money to South Korea

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4
Q

How did South Korea contribute to the start of the War

A

-Wanted to reunify Korea with Rhee as leader
-Favoured a pro-America yet independent country with a state controlled economy
-Initiated bored clashes
-Sought America support for an attack on the North

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5
Q

How did North Korea contribute to the start of the war

A

-Sung wanted to reunify Korea as a communist nation - a 1 party state
-Pro-soviet and pro-Chinese but independent Korea with a state controlled economy
-Asked Russia and China for help

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6
Q

How many communists were left in Korea by 1950

A

3000

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7
Q

When was the Moscow Conference

A

Dec 1945

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8
Q

What happened at the Moscow Conference

A

Long Term Plan was Korean independence by 1950

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9
Q

What was decided about Korea at Yalta

A

4 way power share of Korea - USA, USSR, GB, China

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10
Q

What was decided about Korea at Potsdam

A

USA believes that USSR will not act quickly in Korea

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11
Q

When was Korea divided

A

August 1945

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12
Q

Where was Korea divided

A

Along the 38th parallel

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13
Q

When was the UN formed

A

1945

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14
Q

When was Korea referred to the UN

A

1947 - they oversaw elections

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15
Q

What was the DPRK

A

The separate communist state developed in 1948 under Kim il Sung

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16
Q

What was ROK

A

South Korea - Capitalist state fromed in 1948 lead by Rhee

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17
Q

When did North Korea invade the South

A

June 1950

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18
Q

Where did North Korea invade in 1950

A

Ongjin

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19
Q

What happened at Ongjin in 1950

A

US and SK forces retreated
High casualties

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20
Q

Where did the US and SK forces retreat to i September 1950

A

Pusan Perimeter
8000 casualties

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21
Q

When were the Inchon landings

A

15th September 1950

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22
Q

Who launched the Inchon landings

A

MacArthur

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23
Q

When was Seoul recaptured

A

27th September 1950
- UN and 15 counties sent soldiers

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24
Q

What happened on 30th September 1950

A

MacArthur made the decision that US/UN forces should cross the 38th parallel

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25
When did China become involved in the Korean War
October 1950
26
Where did China invade in the Korean War
Yala river
27
How many Chinese soldiers invaded at the Yala River
150,000
28
What happened at Chosin
US forces under heavy attack from Chinese and North Korea
29
How were the US saved at Chosin
Air supremacy
30
What was the casualty rate at Chosin
50% and 25% got frostbite
31
How many casualties did the US take at Chosin
8000
32
How many soldiers developed frostbite at Chosin
6000
33
Name of the Iron Triangle battles
Pork Chop Hill Heartbreak Ridge
34
Why did the Chinese invading turn the Korean War to stalemate
Sides were evenly matched US = better technology China = more men
35
When was peace signed in Korea
July 1953
36
When did Truman dismiss MacArthur
April 1951
37
Reasons why Truman dismissed MacArthur
Military failures Long term conflict Insubordination JCS supported Truman General Ridgeway
38
Why did Truman dismiss MacArthur - military failures
-Initial success at Inchon - 15th Sept 1950 -Decision to cross 38th parallel into NK - 30th Sept -Told Truman China wouldn't respond -But China attacked at the Yala river -Stalemate - evenly matched -Chosin 8000 casualties, 6000 develop frostbite
39
Why did Truman dismiss MacArthur - Long Term Conflict
1. Use of nuclear weapons in Korea 2. Asia first (MacArthur) or Europe first (Truman) in the cold war 3. Should the US aim to provoke China 4. August 1950 - MacA negatively comments on Taiwan and in Dec argues against a 'limited war' to journalists
40
Why did Truman dismiss MacArthur - Insubordination
- March 1950 - MacA issued a statement that China was close to collapse - Truman had forbidden any public statement - Sent a letter to a Republican Congressman (Martin) who read it in the chamber - In the letter he rejected Truman's containment policy which violated a JCS directive 6/12/1950 which required clearance for public comments
41
Why did Truman dismiss MacArthur - JCS support
- JCS = Joint Chiefs of Staff (military generals) - Give direct advice to the President - Feared MacA as his ideas could lead to a full scale war - Bradley disagreed with MacA over China - Marshall (S of D) stated he rejected MacA's comments on limited war
42
Why did Truman dismiss MacArthur - General Ridgeway
- Truman has a suitable replacement - Had previously challenged MacA - Inspirational and raised morale - Disagrees with Asia first - Talented commander - Operation Killer Feb 1951
43
How many casualties did the US take in the Korean War
30,000
44
How many casualties did China take in the Korean War
1 million
45
When was SEATO created
1954 - mirrored NATO
46
What does SEATO stand for
South East Asia Treaty Organisation
47
Where was SEATO based
Bangkok, Thailand
48
When was SEATO disbanded
1977
49
What were the issues with SEATO
- No centralised military force - Most South East Asian countries don't join - Disparity over religion/wealth
50
What was the Non-Aligned movement
Aimed to keep 'third world' countries out of the Cold War
51
When was the first Non-Aligned meeting held
1961
52
Where was the first Non-Aligned meeting held
Bandung
53
What % of the world's population joined the Non-Aligned movement
55%
54
How many countries joined the Non-Aligned movement
100
55
What were the positives of the Non-Aligned movement
- Keep other countries out of the cold war - Encouraged the decline of colonialisation - Lack a central organisation making it cheaper
56
What were the negatives of the Non-Aligned movement
- Lacked clear aims - Still a reliance on superpowers - 1962 India wanted US help in war with China - Focused on economics not ideas
57
What happened to Sino-Soviet relations after the Korean War
- Relationship improved initially - Disagreement over nuclear weapons - Russia won't share technology - 1969 Border clashes between China and Russia
58
When did the USSR develop the A Bomb
1949
59
When did the USSR develop the H Bomb
1953
60
Consequence of the Korean War
- Arms race - US intervention in Vietnam - International groups - Sino-Soviet relations

History (6 decks)

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