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history > Korean War > Flashcards

Korean War Flashcards

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1
Q

After WWII, who occupied North Korea?

A

The Soviets

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2
Q

After WWII, who occupied South Korea?

A

The USA

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3
Q

In 1948, what happened to Korea?

A

It was divided in half

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4
Q

Where was Korea divided?

A

At the 38th Parallel

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5
Q

Who ruled North Korea?

A

Kim Il-Sung (Grandfather of Kim Jong-Il)

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6
Q

Who ruled South Korea?

A

Syngman Rhee

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7
Q

When did Soviet troops withdraw from North Korea?

A

1948

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8
Q

When did US troops withdraw from South Korea?

A

1949

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9
Q

Which country had turned Communist in 1949?

A

China

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10
Q

What did neither North or South Korea accept in 1949?

A

That the border between them was permanent

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11
Q

What was Syngman Rhee like as a leader?

A

Not very democratic BUT anti-Communist, which was enough for US support

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12
Q

What was North Korea like under Kim Il-Sung?

A

A one-party state, similar to the Soviet Union, with limited freedoms

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13
Q

Where had Kim Il-Sung trained to be a leader?

A

In the Soviet Union

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14
Q

What existed between the North and South?

A

Bitter hostility

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15
Q

When was the Korean War?

A

1950-53

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16
Q

When did the Korean War begin?

A

June 1950

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17
Q

How did the Korean War begin?

A

North Korea invaded South Korea

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18
Q

By early September, where did North Korean troops control?

A

All of Korea except for Pusan (south east corner)

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19
Q

Why was Truman worried about South Korea falling to Communist?

A

He feared the domino effect. He worried if one country fell to communism, others would too

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20
Q

What did South Korea do as a result of the invasion?

A

Appealed to the UN for support

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21
Q

How many North Korean troops invaded South Korea?

A

75,000

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22
Q

What did the USA do when South Korea appealed for help?

A

1) Initially, called on the North Korean forces to withdraw

2) When this was ignored, it pushed through a resolution to send a UN army to Korea

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23
Q

What was the ‘domino effect’?

A

The idea that communism could spread from one country to the next, like a row of dominoes

24
Q

Why did the USSR not veto the United States’ resolution?

A

It was absent because it was boycotting the UN

25
Q

Why was the USSR boycotting the UN

A

Because the UN was refusing to allow Communist China to join

26
Q

What did the UN Resolution provide for?

A

It gave approval for a UN army to support South Korea

27
Q

How many different nations provided troops for the UN army?

A

16

28
Q

Who provided most of the troops for the UN Army?

A

The USA

29
Q

Roughly what percentage of the UN Army was made up of UN troops?

A

More than 80%

30
Q

Who was put in charge of the UN Army?

A

Douglas MacArthur

31
Q

What did the UN launch at Inchon on 15 September 1950?

A

An amphibious (by water and land) assault at Inchon

32
Q

Where did the UN launch its amphibious assault?

A

Inchon

33
Q

By September 1950, what had the UN gained control of?

A

All of South Korea

34
Q

Where did MacArthur push onto after regaining control of South Korea?

A

North Korea - all the way up to the Yalu River

35
Q

What does the Yalu River mark?

A

The border between North Korea and China

36
Q

Why did China provide support to North Korea

A

1) It did not want to be invaded
2) China was also communist

37
Q

How many troops did China provide to support the North Koreans?

A

200,000

38
Q

What were the Chinese troops known as?

A

The People’s Army

39
Q

The Chinese troops (the People’s Army) used modern tanks and planes. Where had they got them from?

A

The Soviet Union

40
Q

What had the Chinese troops (the People’s Army) received from the Soviet Union

A

Modern tanks and planes

41
Q

Where were the UN forces pushed back to by the North Koreans and Chinese forces?

A

The 38th Parallel

42
Q

By 1951, what did MacArthur start pushing for?

A

1) To invade China
2) To use nuclear weapons if necessary

43
Q

Who did MacArthur fall out with in 1951?

A

Truman - who told him he could not attack China

44
Q

Why did Truman not want MacArthur to attack China?

A

It might start a bigger war with the USSR getting involved (who now had nuclear weapons)

45
Q

What did Truman do in April 1951?

A

He sacked MacArthur

46
Q

What did general Omar Bradley say about MacArthur’s strategy?

A

It would have “involved America in the wrong war, in the wrong place, at the wrong time, and with the wrong enemy”

47
Q

When did peace talks between the North and South begin?

A

1951

48
Q

When was an armistice (ceasefire) finally signed?

A

July 1953

49
Q

Why did it take so long for the two sides to agree?

A

Partly because Mao, the leader of China, wanted to win the favour of Stalin by killing as many Americans as possible. He called the war ‘the meat grinder’.

50
Q

Who died in 1953?

A

Stalin

51
Q

What was significant about Stalin’s death?

A

It made the North Koreans and Chinese less confident

52
Q

In what ways was Korea a success for containment?

A

The Communism North Koreans were, ultimately, contained. South Korea to this day remains a capitalism country

53
Q

In what ways was Korea a failure for the USA?

A
  • It cost a huge number of American lives (30,000 troops - more fatalities per year than the Vietnam War per year)
  • It showed the disagreements between US leaders: some wanted to ‘roll back’ (push back) Communism; others wanted to contain it.
54
Q

Why was it so important for Truman to use the UN?

A

So he could say it was a UN sponsored invasion - and the USA was not just acting alone. (This made it seem more democratic and legitimate.)

55
Q

What UN Security Council Resolution 82?

A

The first resolution (decision) issued by the UN in 1950, calling on the North to withdraw from South Korea

56
Q

What was UN Security Council Resolution 83?

A

After the first resolution (82) was ignored by North Korea, Resolution 83 allowed the UN to provide military ‘assistance’ to South Korea - i.e. send troops

57
Q

Why did Truman have a lot of influence over the UN?

A

The USA was the biggest contributor to the UN budget - giving Truman significant influence over it

history (36 decks)

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