Aims of the Big Three Flashcards
What is an idealist?
A person who believes in ideals (rather than harsh reality). e.g. Woodrow Wilson
Who were the ‘Big Three’ at the Paris Peace Conference?
Woodrow Wilson (US President), David Lloyd George (British PM), George Clemenceau (French PM)
What principles guided Wilson?
Those set out in his Fourteen Points
What did Wilson believe about Germany?
That Germany should not be punished too harshly because when it grew strong again it would want revenge.
What did Wilson believe about democracy?
That democracy should be installed in defeated countries (e.g. Germany) as the people would not allow their leaders to take them to war again
What did Wilson want for people that had once been under imperial rule (e.g. Serbians, Croats)?
Self-determination e.g. he wanted Poles and Croats to rule themselves, not be ruled by Austria-Hungary
Where did the Paris Peace Conference take place?
At the Palace of Versailles just outside Paris
What was the most important of Wilson’s Fourteen Points?
That a League of Nations should be established where disputes could be peacefully resolved
Why was Wilson more idealistic than Lloyd George and Clemenceau?
- The USA suffered FAR few casualties than Britain and France.
- Also, no fighting took place in the USA.
- And they joined the war in 1917.
What did David Lloyd George want to do to Germany?
DLG wanted to punish Germany, but not too harshly.
What was trade like between Germany and Britain before the war?
Good - Germany was Britain’s second largest trading partner before WWI
What was DLG keen to see Germany lose AND why?
Germany’s navy and colonies were both threats to the strength of the British Empire
What pressures were on DLG?
There was huge pressure on DLG from the British public because he had won the 1918 general election promising to ‘make Germany pay’.
What did Clemenceau want to achieve in Paris?
He wanted to destroy Germany so it could never threaten France again
Why did Clemenceau personally want to destroy Germany?
He had seen his country invaded twice by Germany, in 1871 and 1914
How had the war affected France? (2)
- Two-thirds of men who had served in the French army had either died or were injured
- Much of the fighting had taken place in France, ruining its land and its industry
What did the French president, Poincare, want?
- He wanted to see Germany broken up into a series of smaller states.
- (Although Clemenceau knew DLG and Wilson would never agree to this)
How many troops did the USA lose during the war?
110,000
Did any fighting take place in the USA during WWI?
No - so there was less public pressure on Wilson than in, say, France
How many British soldiers died in the war?
Approx. 750,000
How many French died in the war?
Approx. 1.3 million
Why did Lloyd George fear an overly punitive (punishing) treaty?
He feared the Germans would one day seek revenge
What did Lloyd George fear an overly punitive treaty might lead to (as in Russia)?
A Communist revolution (like in Russia in 1917)
Lloyd George wanted Germany to bounce back economically after the war. Why?
So Britain could start trading with Germany again (and make both countries richer)
