Korean 3B Grammar Flashcards
1) What does 다가 do?
2) What are the implications of 다가?
3) Can the proceeding clause continue?
4) Can the subject be different?
1) shows one action is interrupted to immediately start a second action
2) implies the action was cut short
3) it can be continued
4) the subjects must be the same
1)What does 아/어버리다 show?
2)What emotion is expressed through it?
1) it’s used to express something is completely done
2) expresses strong emotion, usually regret or relief
1) what does 을지 indicate?
2) what’s an English equivalent?
3) what can be added for emphasis?
1) indicates a guess or assumption that so,etching may or may not happen
2 ‘I don’t know if’
3) 도
1) when do you use (느)ㄴ다면?
2) what ending is it usually used with?
1) used with a hypothetical situation that is unlikely to happen
2) It’s usually used with –겠어요, -(으)ㄹ 거예요, or –(으)ㄹ 텐데
When do you use 는데요 (3)
1) expresses one’s opposition
2) expresses you are waiting for a response
3) showing surprise
1) what does 통해서 mean?
2) what word type is it used with?
3) how can it be translated?
1) indicates the source of information
2) used with nouns
3) can be translated as ‘through, by means of’
1) What does 느라고 indicate? (2)
2) Is the result always negative?
3) do the subjects have to be the same?
4) what sentence type is it not used with (2)
5) what sentence ending is it not used with (2)
6) is the action intentional?
1) indicates that the former action stopped the later action from happening or that the first action is the purspose of the second action
2) it is always a negative result
3)the subject have to be the same
4) it’s not used with imperative or suggestive sentences
5) cannot be used with 았/었 or 겠
6) the action has to be intentional
1) what does 곤하다 show?
2) does it happen repeatedly?
3) where do you add tense?
4) is there any indication of when it’s used?
1) it shows an action happens repeatedly but not regularly
2) yes but not regularly, only on specific occasions
3 you add tense on the 하다
4) there is usually some indication of the situation that would prompt the action to occur
1)When do you use V는 길에?
2) How can it be used?
3) What verbs is it used with?
4 when the verb is in front of 는 길에 is 가다 or 오다, what can it be replaced with?
1) when you are on the way to or from somewhere
2) used when you want to use going to or from somewhere as a chance I.e. asking for something
3) generally only used with verbs of physical movement
4)다가
What does 고 말다 mean?
What word type can it be used with?
What expression can it be combined with?
How do you show strong will of the speaker?
1) shows that an unplanned event or action that continued until it was completed in a way undesired by the speaker.
2) only used with action verbs
3) can be combined with 아/어 버리다 —> 아/어 버리고 말ㅇ았다
3) 고(야) 말겠다
1) When do you use (으)ㄴ/는 편이다?
2) What word type is it used with?
3) How to conjugate it?
4) Give an English translation?
5) What are the negative forms of the expression? (2)
1) describe approximations of different verbs and adjectives.
2) verbs and adjectives
3) verbs use (으)ㄴ for adjectives and 는 is used for verbs
4) ‘tends to be’, ‘on the side of’
5) 안 (으)ㄴ/는 편이다 and (으)ㄴ/는 편이 아니다
1) What does 는걸요 mean? (2)
1) shows that what has happened is contrary to what one knew or expected. Or soft disagreement over what someone said
1) How do you use (으)ㄴ/는 데다가?
2) What type of word do you use it with?
3) Should the subjects be the same?
1) used to add information of the succeeding phrase to the preceding phrase.
2) you use it with verbs and adjectives
3) the subjects should be the same
1) How do you use (느)ㄴ 다고 해서?
2) what endings can you not use it with?
1) used when one hears a fact (suggestion, question or instruction) and acts upon it
2) you cannot use (으)세요 or (으)ㅂ시다 after it
1) What does (으)ㄹ 만하다 indicate?
2) how is it mostly used
1) indicates the worth of doing something, even if it’s not totally satisfactory
2) mostly used to recommend something to someone else.
1) What is 더러 and 보고 similar to?
2) When do you use them?
3) Which is more natural when relaying commands?
4) Which is more natural when relaying both facts and commands?
1) 한테 and 에게
2) used with indirect speech
3) 더러
4) 보고
1) Which type of word do 나 보다 and (으)ㄴ가 보다 go with?
2) What does it indicate?
3) What can you use it interchangeably with
1) 나 보다 is used with verbs and (으)ㄴ가 보다 is used with adjectives
2) the speaker indicates that the sentence is a guess, and it thought to be true.
3) 는 것 같다, 는 모양이다 and 는 듯하다
When is (으)ㄴ/는 걸 보니까 -(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다 used?
Can it be used to describe what the speaker did themselves?
Can it be used when the basis of the inference is not a fact?
1) used when inferring something after directly seeing it
2) no
3) no
1) What does 기도 하다 mean?
2) Can it be used with both verbs and adjectives?
3) Do they both happen at the same time?
1) indicates something is done sometimes
2) yes
3) depending on context they happen at the same time or alternately
1) What does AV (으)ㄴ/는 반면에 indicate?
2) Is it always negative?
3) Can you shorten it?
4) What can it be used interchangeably with?
1) expresses that two things are opposite or the.
2) Positive and negative sides of things
3) can be shortened to (으)ㄴ/는 반면
4) 는 데 반해 or 지만
1) What is 다면서요 used to do?
2) How to you conjugate it with a noun?
1) used to confirm to the listener of what the speaker heard from another person.
2) In case of noun + 이다, -(이)라면서요 used
1) What does 아/어다가 show?
2) Can you shorten it?
3) Can you use it the past and future tense?
1) used to indicate that an action is performed in a specified place and the resulting action happens somewhere else
2) Its contraction is -아/어다.
3) cannot be used in the past and future tenses.
1) What does 았/었다가 show? (2)
1) What is the shortened form?
1) after the completion of an event, the opposite event happens. Or can also be used to indicate the speaker’s doing of some action and then experiencing something noteworthy or unexpected while doing that action.
2) The shortened form of –았/었다가 is –았/었다.
1) What does (으)ㄹ지도 모르다 mean?
2) What’s the past tense?
1) expresses speaker’s view that something might happen or is likely to happen.
2) The past tense form of this expression is –았/었을지도 몰라요.
Whats the difference between 다가, 아/어다가 and 았/었다가?
다가 = interrupted action
아/어다가 = change of place
았/었다가 = opposite happens
1) When is 았/었던 used?
2) What can you replace it with if the verb was a continued state?
1) used when recalling a past event or state of affairs that has not continued to the present
2) 던
1) How do you use 거든(요)?
2) is it formal?
3) what does it hint to the listener?
1) used to repond to a question/statement to provide the speaker’s reason or thinking which the listener had no idea about before this conversation
2) only used in casual speaking form between friends or peers.
3) provides a hint to the listener that the speaker has more to say.
1) What does a causative verb do?
2) What syllables do you add to the stem?
3) When do you 게 되다 instead?
1) suggests that the subject is making something happen.
2) 이/히/리/기/우/추
3)게 되다 is normally used when the speaker isn’t engaged in what is happening
1) What does 아/어도 mean?
2) How can it be translated into English?
3) How can you strengthen the meaning?
1) the situation in the 2nd clause occurs regardless of what described in the 1st clause
2) ‘even if, not matter how’
3) add 아무리
How is 끼리 used?
Attached to a human or animal noun, this expression indicates exclusiveness in a group activity or gathering.
1)How is 았/었더라면 used?
2)What endings is it usually used with?
3)What expressions can it be replaced with?
4)Can it be used in the present tense?
1) a conditional sentence, meaning ‘If I had …’, the second clause usually contains a supposition or expression of regret.
2) often used with these endings: –았/었을 거예요, -았/었을 텐데, and –(으)ㄹ 뻔했다.
3) can be replaced with the expression –았/었다면, or –았/었으면.
4) can only be used in past tense hypothetical situation.
1) What does (으)ㄴ/는 대신에 mean? (2)
2) What is the shortened form?
1) an action can be replaced or compensated by another or instead
2) (으)ㄴ/는 대신
What is a 피동 표현?
What does it do?
What affixes are attached?
1) indicates one’s behaviour is influenced by an exterior force
2) 이/히/리/기
1) when a 에 따라(서) used?
1) used when the result in the second statement is brought on by the event or situation of the first statement
1)What does 기로 유명하다 mean?
2)How do you conjugate it with verbs/adjectives?
3) How do you conjugate it with nouns?
1) it means to be famous for
2)N은/는 AV기로 유명하다
3) N은/는 N(으)로 유명하다
1) When is 아/어 놓다 used?
2) what is the shortened form?
1) used when preparation is done before performing an action, and the resulting state is maintained.
2) It is often common for 놓아 to be shortened to 놔.
1) How is 아/어 두다 used?
2) How is it different to 아/어 놓다?
3) What is the most common context it’s used with?
4) With what verb is it always used?
1) used when preparation is done before performing an action, and the resulting state is maintained.
2) more often used to indicate that a relatively long time has passed since a particular state of being came about.
3) used more often in cases describing the storage or saving of something.
4) 놓다
1) What does VS고서 do?
2) When can you use it to show the clauses contradict each other?
3) What can you add for heightened effect?
4) What can it be used interchangeably with?
1) implies that the contents of the second clause are a natural and closely linked follow-on to those of the first
2) when it’s with an action verb
3) 는 or 도
4) 고 and 고 나서
When is AV-지 않으면 안 되다 used?
expresses having no other option but to do something in order to achieve/obtain one’s needs or desires
1)What does 아/어야 show?
2)Is the outcome negative?
3)How can you stress the meaning? (2) - which one is more formal?
1) the preceding phrase is a necessary condition to accomplish the succeeding phrase.
2) usually have a positive outcome after -아/어야.
3) 어야지 is generally used in casual conversation while –아/어야만 is generally used in speeches and reports.
1) What does 아/어야지요 show?
2)What is the past tense?
3) What does the past tense imply?
1) shows the speaker’s will to do something or telling what someone else should do.
2) 았/었어야지(요)
3) shows a sense of scolding or rebuking the other person for not doing something they should have already been doing
1) What does V-(으)ㄴ 채(로) show?
2) what verbs can’t be used before it?
3) what situation is it not used to describe?
4) what other grammar point is it usually combined with?
1) indicating that the second action is being made while the preceding action is completed and maintained.
2) 가다 and 오다
3) It is not used to describe that are naturally expected after the first action occurs.
4) It is often used in the forms –아/어 놓은 채로 and –아/어 둔 채로.
1) What does (으)ㄹ 수록 mean?
2) What word types is it attached to?
3) How can you emphasise the meaning?
1) the more… the more ~as one situation changes, another situation changes
2) verbs, adjectives and nouns
3) -(으)면 –(으)ㄹ 수록 is used with the same verb twice to emphasize the meaning.
1) What does 기에 달려 있다 indicate?
2) How is it conjugated with question words?
3) How is it conjugated with nouns?
1) used to indicate that a certain event or state ‘relies upon something’ or ‘is dependent on something’.
2) 느냐에 달려 있다
3) 에 달려 있다
What does ‘N(으)로 (인하여/인해서)’ show?
What word type is it attached to?
What setting is it used in?
What other word has the same meaning?
1) indicates that the result of a noun (.I.e. traffic accident)
2) noun
3) firmal
4) 때문에
What does 았/었더니 show?
Who is the subject?
It is used when recognising/realising something after doing a certain action.
The subject of preceding phrase is usually the speaker himself/herself.
What does V-(으)ㄹ 정도로 show?
What type of word is it used with?
What other forms can be used?
1) used when describing a certain degree with a specific example.
2) verbs
3) (으)ㄹ 정도로, –(으)ㄹ 정도이다 forms are often used.
When is 든지 used?
What word type is it used with?
What can be omitted?
Can you say 든가?
1) It is used in a situation in which either option/choice either is fine.
2) verb
3) 지
4) yes
How is (으)ㄴ/는데도 used?
What is often added on the end?
Can you use future tense in the second clause?
1) expression is used to introduce a clause that indicates an opposite or an unexpected state of affairs when compared to the information given in the preceding clause.
2) 불구하고
3) no
How is 다고 하던데 used?
What can be omitted?
1) used to confirm what the speaker has heard from another person, or to suggest or recommend an action to the other person based on what he heard.
2) The –고 하-of this expression can be omitted.
How is VS-기 위해(서) used?
What can it not be attached to?
How can you change this?
How to use it with a noun?
1) This is attached to a verb stem, indicating that the following action is carried out with goal or purpose of achieving the preceding action.
2) -기 위해서 cannot be added directly to adjectives.
3) However, if –아/어지다 has been added to an adjective, making a verb, then it can be used with –기 위해서
4) -을/를 위해(서) can be attached to a noun to express ‘for the sake of (noun)’.
How is (이)라든가… 같은 used?
This is used to list examples. The following statement can include a summarized explanation of the listed examples.
How is AV-(으)ㄴ/는 척하다 used?
How is 알다 different?
What can it be used interchangeably with?
1) used to express the fabrication of an attitude or the pretending of an action, when in fact that attitude/action differs from reality.
2) In the case of the verb 알다, only the present tense is used..
3) It can be interchangeably used with -(으)ㄴ/는 체하다
더라도
1) what does it mean in English?
2) used to express concession or hypothetical contrast, meaning “even if” or “even though” in English.
기(가) 무섭게
1) what does it show
2) what is emphasised?
3) what sentence type is it not used with?
4) what grammar point is it similar to?
3) what context is it usually used in?
1) Used to express that one action happens immediately after another,
2)often emphasising the speed or urgency of a situation of the second action
3) This grammar is not used for imperative sentences
4) It’s similar to 자마자 but with a stronger connotation of immediacy of abruption
5) Often used in narrative or descriptive contexts, such as storytelling
기는 하지만
1) when is it used?
2) when is 기는 하지만 used and when is 기는 - 지만 used?
3) what is the past tense?
4) is the subject the same?
1) This expression is used when the speaker recognises or acknowledges the content of the first clause but wants to express a different view in the second clause
2) 기는 하지만 is used when the when the verbs/ adjectives are different and 기는 -지만 is used when the verb/ adjective is the same
3)The past tense is 기는 했지만
4) yes
(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라
1) when’s it used?
2) what is it in English?
3) what’s usually used in the second clause?
1) indicating that there is another situation in addition to a certain fact
2) ‘Not only X, but also Y’
3) A/V-기까지 하다, A/V-기도 하다, and N까지 A/V are often used in clauses following – (으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라.
N에 의하면
1) what does it mean?
2) how’s the sentence ended?
3) what tense is it used in?
4) what can it be replaced by?
1) It comes after a noun to reveal the source of information in an official situation.
2) The sentence is ended by indirect speech such as –는다고 하다.
3) Sentences using this expression must end in the present tense.
4) It can be replaced with –에 따르면.
(으)ㄹ까 봐서
1) what does it indicate?
2) can it be used in the future tense
3) what is in the first clause?
1) This is used to indicate that the speaker is worried that a certain thing might happen.
2) no
3) the action/thing the person is worried about
VS고자
1) What does it express
2) should the subjects be the same
3) what word type is it used with?
4) what sentence type can it not be used with?
5) what particles can it be used with?
1) The first clause contains the speakers intention or purpose for doing the action stated in the following clause
2)yes
3) action verbs
4) imperatives
5) 안 or 못
(크기)만 하다
1) what does it show?
2) what word type is it used with?
3) what forms is it usually used with?
4) when is N만 못하다 used?
1) This is attached to a noun, indication that the size of a person or an object is equal to the noun.
2) noun
3) It is usually used in the form N만 하다 or N만 한 N.
4) N만 못하다 is used when the degree of subject is less than that of ‘N’.
얼마나 (으)ㄴ/는지 모르다
1)what does it mean?
2) what sentence type is it used with
3) what is the past tense conjugation?
1) It is used to emphasise the degree of a particular situation or state of affairs
2) It can only be used in declarative sentences
3) –았/었는지 몰라요
VS던
1)When is it used?
2) where is it used?
3)What happens when you attach it to 았/었?
1) Used when recollecting a behaviour or habitual act that was repeated regularly over a period of time, however has not continued to the modern day
2) in front of nouns
3 When this modifier attaches to the past tense market in 았/었, it gives clearer expression to the notion of ‘completeness and also expresses experience.
