Knowledge empiricism Flashcards
What is an analytic proposition?
True or false
In meaning of words
What is a synthetic proposition?
Not analytic
true or false by how the world is
What is priori knowledge?
Knowledge of propositions
Not established on a basis of sense experience
What is posteriori knowledge?
Gained and justified through sense-experience
What is Empiricism?
Synthetic propositions are a known posteriori
priori knowledge is of analytic propositions
What is rationalism?
Knowledge is innate and discovered by rational intuition and deduction
What are relations of ideas?
Established by pure thought and are intuitively certain
Matte
What are matters of fact?
known through experience and induction
Rationalism object to Empiricism?
Sense experience can justify many beliefs
Leads to scepticism
What is rational intuition?
discovering the truth of a claim just by thinking about it
Descartes argument for himself
He is a thinking thing I think (cogito) is Descartes first item of knowledge
Descartes argument fro physical objects
Cl;ear and distinct ideas, clear are present and accessible to the attentive mind and distinct sharply separate from other ideas.
Descartes argument for God
God isn’t a deceiver, since he is perfect
He would correct any mistakes we have
God wouldn’t let a demon perceive us
We can tell the difference between dreaming and being awake
What are sensory experience?
Involuntary
Not caused by minds or God
Caused by physical objects
What do empiricist argue about maths?
Its analytic
But geometry it analytic and a posteriori synthetic claim
What do empiricts think about Descartes argument?
It isn’t a proiri claim
What is the Cartesian Circle?
Descartes relies on clear and distinct ideas to prove God exists, but Descartes relies on God to know clear and distinct ideas are true.
Descartes reaction to the Cartesian circle?
Rejects it
Clear and distinct ideas are necessarily true
What is knowledge innatism?
Have some knowledge, not derived from experience
What did Plate think about innatism?
Learning is from remembering
Examples of Plato’s point of views
Boy discovering a geometrical truth
Just by being asked question
Not taught anything
Triggered what knowledge he had
What did Locke think of innate knowledge?
Rejects 5 definitions of it
Why does Leibniz disagree with Locke?
Memory is no reason to think our unconscious knowledge is acquired from experience
What does Leibniz believe about experience?
Needed to trigger innate knowledge towards developing and using knowledge of necessary truths
Can’t give is knowledge of necessary truths, this knowledge is innate.
What do Innatists believe about innate knowledge?
Triggered by experience
Can’t be gained from experience
How do Empiricist object to innate knowledge?
Requires existence of non-natural things
What do Empiricist argue about purported examples of innate knowledge?
Not knowledge at all
Or just knowledge of analytic propositions
