KNOWLEDGE

Question 1

These are agents that reason by operating on internal representations of knowledge

Answer 1

Knowledge-Based Agents

Question 2

an assertion about the world in a knowledge representation language

Answer 2

Sentence

Question 3

based on propositions, statements about the world that can be either true or false

Answer 3

Propositional logic

Question 4

are most often letters (P, Q, R) that are used to represent a proposition

Answer 4

Propositional symbols

Question 5

are logical symbols that connect propositional symbols in order to reason in a more complex way about the world.

Answer 5

Logical connectives

Question 6

inverses the truth value of the proposition

Answer 6

Not (¬)

Question 7

connects two different propositions

Answer 7

And (∧)

Question 8

is true as as long as either of its arguments is true

Answer 8

Or (∨)

Question 9

represents a structure of “if P then Q.”

Answer 9

Implication

Question 10

In the case of P implies Q (P → Q), P is called the ___ and Q is called the ____

Answer 10

antecedent, consequent

Question 11

is an implication that goes both directions

Answer 11

Biconditional

Question 12

is an assignment of a truth value to every proposition

Answer 12

model

Question 13

a set of sentences known by a knowledge-based agent

Answer 13

knowledge base

Question 14

If α ⊨ β (α entails β), then in any world where α is true, β is true, too.

Answer 14

Entailment

Question 15

the process of deriving new sentences from old ones.

Answer 15

Inference

Question 16

Model Checking algorithm.

Answer 16

To determine if KB ⊨ α (in other words, answering the question: “can we conclude that α is true based on our knowledge base”)
Enumerate all possible models.
If in every model where KB is true, α is true as well, then KB entails α (KB ⊨ α).

Question 17

the process of figuring out how to represent propositions and logic in AI.

Answer 17

Knowledge engineering

Question 18

Why is model checking not an efficient algorithm

Answer 18

because it has to consider every possible model before giving the answer

Question 19

allow us to generate new information based on existing knowledge without considering every possible model.

Answer 19

Inference rules

Question 20

a powerful inference rule that states that if one of two atomic propositions in an Or proposition is false, the other has to be true.

Answer 20

resolution

Question 21

resolution relies on

Answer 21

complimentary literals

Question 22

two of the same atomic propositions where one is negated and the other is not, such as P and ¬P.

Answer 22

complimentary literals

Question 23

a disjunction of literals

Answer 23

clause

Question 24

consists of propositions that are connected with an Or logical connective

Answer 24

disjunction

Question 25

consists of propositions that are connected with an And logical connective

Answer 25

conjunction

Question 26

used to remove duplicate literal

Answer 26

factoring

Question 27

another type of logic that allows us to express more complex ideas more succinctly than propositional logic.

Answer 27

first order logic

Question 28

First order logic uses two types of symbols

Answer 28

constant and predicate symbols

Question 29

a tool that can be used in first order logic to represent sentences without using a specific constant symbol

Answer 29

quantification

Question 30

Consider these logical sentences: 1. If Hermione is in the library, then Harry is in the library. 2. Hermione is in the library. 3. Ron is in the library and Ron is not in the library. 4. Harry is in the library. 5. Harry is not in the library or Hermione is in the library. 6. Ron is in the library or Hermione is in the library. Which of the following logical entailments is true? - Sentence 6 entails Sentence 2 - Sentence 1 entails Sentence 4 - Sentence 6 entails Sentence 3 - Sentence 2 entails Sentence 5 - Sentence 1 entails Sentence 2 - Sentence 5 entails Sentence 6

Answer 30

Sentence 2 entails Sentence 5

Question 31

The expression A ⊕ B represents the sentence “A or B, but not both.” Which of the following is logically equivalent to A ⊕ B?

Answer 31

(A ∨ B) ∧ ¬ (A ∧ B)

Question 32

Let propositional variable R be that “It is raining,” the variable C be that “It is cloudy,” and the variable S be that “It is sunny.” Which of the following a propositional logic representation of the sentence “If it is raining, then it is cloudy and not sunny.”?

Answer 32

R → (C ∧ ¬S)

Question 33

Consider, in first-order logic, the following predicate symbols. Student(x) represents the predicate that “x is a student.” Course(x) represents the predicate that “x is a course.” Enrolled(x, y) represents the predicate that “x is enrolled in y.” Which of the following is a first-order logic translation of the sentence “There is a course that Harry and Hermione are both enrolled in.”?

Answer 33

∃x. Course(x) ∧ Enrolled(Harry, x) ∧ Enrolled(Hermione, x)